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341.
Geoff Wilson Giovanni Quaranta Claire Kelly Rosanna Salvia 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(3):518-537
This study analyses social, economic and political “lock-ins” for understanding community resilience and land degradation. The study focuses on lock-ins from within communities, using four case study communities in Italy affected by land degradation. The analysis highlights the complex interrelationships between various lock-ins, and suggests that the communities are on declining resilience pathways that may lead to increasing difficulties in addressing land degradation issues in future. 相似文献
342.
Robert J. Luxmoore William W. Hargrove M. Lynn Tharp Wilfred M. Post Michael W. Berry Karen S. Minser Wendell P. Cropper Jr. Dale W. Johnson Boris Zeide Ralph L. Amateis Harold E. Burkhart V. Clark Baldwin Jr. Kelly D. Peterson 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2000,5(2):125-137
Stochastic transfer of information in a hierarchy of simulators is offered as a conceptual approach for assessing forest responses
to changing climate and air quality across 13 southeastern states of the USA. This assessment approach combines geographic
information system and Monte Carlo capabilities with several scales of computer modeling for southern pine species and eastern
deciduous forests. Outputs, such as forest production, evapotranspiration and carbon pools, may be compared statistically
for alternative equilibrium or transient scenarios providing a statistical basis for decision making in regional assessments.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
343.
Basmadjian E Perkins EM Phillips CR Heilprin DJ Watts SD Diener DR Myers MS Koerner KA Mengel MJ Robertson G Armstrong JL Lissner AL Frank VL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,138(1-3):239-253
The prevalence of toxicopathic liver lesions in demersal fish on the San Pedro Shelf, California was determined for a 15-year
period (1988–2003). Fish livers were sampled at fixed locations as part of the Orange County Sanitation Districts (OCSD) ocean
monitoring program. Histopathological examination of selected fish liver tissues was studied to determine whether the wastewater
discharge had affected fish health. The prevalence of toxicopathic lesion classes neoplasms (NEO), preneoplastic foci of cellular
alteration (FCA), and hydropic vacuolation (HYDVAC) varied among species and locations. For all species sampled, severe lesions
occurred in 6.2% of the fish examined (n = 7,694). HYDVAC (4.1%) was the most common toxicopathic lesion type followed by FCA (1.4%) and NEO (0.7%). HYDVAC occurred
only in white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus), accounting for 84.8% of the toxicopathic lesions for this species. Prevalence of HYDVAC, NEO, and FCA in white croaker
was 15.2, 2.0, and 0.7%, respectively. The prevalence of HYDVAC and NEO in white croaker increased with age and size but there
was no sexual difference. A linear regression model was used for hypothesis testing to account for significant differences
in fish size (and age for croakers) at the different sampling locations. This analysis showed that for HYDVAC there was no
spatial or location effect for lesion rate or size/age of onset. For NEO, the model predicted that white croaker near the
wastewater outfall may acquire these lesions at a smaller size/younger age, and at a higher rate, than at other sites. However,
this result may be biased due to the unequal size frequency distributions and the low prevalence of NEO in white croaker at
the different sampling sites. Bigmouth sole (Hippoglossina stomata) had a prevalence of FCA and NEO of 1.3 and 0.35%, respectively, but the prevalence and distribution of lesions was too few
for statistical testing. There was no sexual difference for lesion prevalence in hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) and the prevalence of FCA and NEO was 3.4 and 0.37%, respectively. FCA prevalence increased with size in hornyhead turbot
and there were no significant spatial differences for lesion rates and fish size at lesion onset. Overall, consistent spatial
differences for lesion prevalence were not demonstrated and highlight the analytical difficulties of detecting a possible
point source impact when the effect is rare, correlated with the size/age structure of the population, and may be caused by
exposure to unknown multiple sources. Thus, the usefulness of liver histopathology as a point-source monitoring tool is best
applied to where the spatial scale of impact generally exceeds the home range of the target species. 相似文献
344.
Efroymson RA Peterson MJ Welsh CJ Druckenbrod DL Ryon MG Smith JG Hargrove WW Giffen NR Roy WK Quarles HD 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):1436-1451
Habitat valuation methods are most often developed and used to prioritize candidate lands for conservation. In this study the intent of habitat valuation was to inform the decision-making process for remediation of chemical contaminants on specific lands or surface water bodies. Methods were developed to summarize dimensions of habitat value for six representative aquatic and terrestrial contaminated sites at the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP) on the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation in Oak Ridge, TN, USA. Several general valuation metrics were developed for three broad categories: site use by groups of organisms, site rarity, and use value added from spatial context. Examples of use value metrics are taxa richness, a direct measure of number of species that inhabit an area, complexity of habitat structure, an indirect measure of potential number of species that may use the area, and land use designation, a measure of the length of time that the area will be available for use. Measures of rarity included presence of rare species or communities. Examples of metrics for habitat use value added from spatial context included similarity or complementarity of neighboring habitat patches and presence of habitat corridors. More specific metrics were developed for groups of organisms in contaminated streams, ponds, and terrestrial ecosystems. For each of these metrics, cutoff values for high, medium, and low habitat value were suggested, based on available information on distributions of organisms and landscape features, as well as habitat use information. A companion paper describes the implementation of these habitat valuation metrics and scoring criteria in the remedial investigation for ETTP. 相似文献
345.
Helen Mills Poulos Rachael S. Freeman Jennifer M. Karberg Karen C. Beattie Danielle I. ODell Kelly A. Omand 《Environmental management》2020,65(1):111-121
Coastal sandplains provide habitat for a suite of rare and endangered plant and wildlife species in the northeastern United States. These early successional plant communities were maintained by natural and anthropogenic disturbances including salt spray, fire, and livestock grazing, but over the last 150 years, a decrease in anthropogenic disturbance frequency and intensity has resulted in a shift towards woody shrub dominance at the expense of herbaceous taxa. This study quantified the effects of more than a decade of dormant season disturbance-based vegetation management (mowing and prescribed fire) on coastal sandplain plant community composition on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, USA. We used time-series plant cover data from two similar sites to evaluate the effectiveness of disturbance management for restoring herbaceous species cover and reducing woody shrub dominance. Our results indicate that applying management outside of the peak of the growing season has not been effective in maintaining or increasing the cover of herbaceous species. While management activities resulted in significant (P < 0.01) increases in herbaceous species immediately after treatment, woody species recolonized and dominated treated sites within 3-years post treatment at the expense of graminoids and forbs. These results highlight the difficulties associated with directing ecological succession using disturbance-based management to maintain rare, herbaceous species in coastal sandplain systems that were once a prevalent landscape component under historically chronic anthropogenic disturbance. Further experimentation with growing season disturbance-based management and different combinations of management techniques could provide insights into management alternatives for maintaining herbaceous conservation targets in coastal sandplains. 相似文献
346.
347.
Blue space: The importance of water for preference,affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Mathew White Amanda Smith Kelly Humphryes Sabine Pahl Deborah Snelling Michael Depledge 《Journal of environmental psychology》2010
Although theorists have suggested that aquatic environments or “blue space” might have particular restorative potential, to date there is little systematic empirical research on this issue. Indeed the presence of water has, unintentionally, been a confounding factor in research comparing people’s reactions to built and natural environments. Whereas aquatic features (rivers, lakes, coasts) are frequently present in visual stimuli representing natural environments they are rarely incorporated in stimuli portraying built environments. As many towns are, for good reason, located near water this is a potentially significant oversight. The current research collated a set of 120 photographs of natural and built scenes, half of which contained “aquatic” elements. Proportions of “aquatic”/“green”/“built” environments in each scene (e.g. 1/3rd, 2/3rds) were also standardised. Two studies investigated preferences (attractiveness, willingness to visit and willingness to pay for a hotel room with the view), affect and perceived restorativeness ratings for these photographs. As predicted, both natural and built scenes containing water were associated with higher preferences, greater positive affect and higher perceived restorativeness than those without water. Effect sizes were consistently large. Intriguingly, images of “built” environments containing water were generally rated just as positively as natural “green” space. We propose a number of avenues for further research including exploration of the mechanisms underlying these effects. 相似文献
348.
349.
Costa Maria Angélica Martins da Silva Bruno Menezes de Almeida Sâmilla Gabriella Coelho Felizardo Marcos Paulo Costa Ana Flávia Martins Cardoso Arnaldo Alves Dussán Kelly Johana 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8835-8852
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy demand has increased worldwide, and biomass burning is one of the solutions most used by industries, especially in countries that have a great... 相似文献
350.
Cecilia Cullen Daniel B. Abrams Devin H. Mannix Walton R. Kelly 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2023,59(3):539-553
Winter deicers are a major source of chloride contamination to shallow aquifers in northern latitudes. In the greater Chicago area of northeast Illinois, chloride has been accumulating for decades and in many places now exceeds the United States Environmental Protection Agency secondary standard of 250 mg/L. MODFLOW-NWT and MT3D-USGS were used to simulate the accumulation of chloride with 30 years of data in the shallow aquifer of Will County in northeast Illinois. This aquifer is composed of unconsolidated sediments, largely from glacial deposits, overlying a fractured dolomite bedrock. To calibrate to observed heads and chloride, the model needed refined geologic features, higher chloride concentrations on cells representing commercial or industrial lands, lower chloride concentrations on cells representing roads, and point source areas to speed chloride's emergence in the aquifer. These point sources are locally significant and could represent different anthropogenic or geologic features, such as municipal stormwater infrastructure. Future simulations indicate that chloride is not at steady state in the shallow aquifer and wells are at risk of exceeding the secondary standard if winter deicing applications are not reduced. It may take decades for the full impacts of reduced deicing rates to be observed in wells, owing to the long residence time of water in the aquifer. This transient model calibration was possible because of the 30-year dataset collected by communities and government agencies. 相似文献