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81.
82.
一体式A/O摇动床工艺处理石化废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对国内许多石油化工废水处理工艺中氨氮降解效果差的问题,采用新型Biofringe填料设计一体式A/O摇动床工艺,对反应器的操作参数和去除效果进行了试验.结果表明:水力停留时间对氨氮去除负荷的影响较大,在水力停留时间为20.8 h,回流比为3.5时,COD的去除率可以达到90%以上,NH3-N的去除率可以达到95%以上,TN的去除率可以达到70%以上.通过一年多的小试,反应器具有动力消耗低,抗冲击能力强,操作稳定等特点,为进一步在石油化工废水处理中的应用提供了实验依据. 相似文献
83.
When light (> 370 nm) was allowed to interact with an aqueous solution containing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and Fe(III), removal of aniline (AN) was observed. This was due to the photocatalytic reaction of Fe(III) mediated by DOM. Syringic acid (SYA) and humic acid (HA) were used as DOM in the present study. The 15N‐NMR spectrum of the product mixture from the light irradiation of the SYA/Fe(III) system demonstrated that AN was covalently bound to SYA. The kinetics of AN removal were, therefore, interpreted by assuming covalent binding between DOM and AN. The amounts of covalent binding sites and the apparent second‐order rate constants could be evaluated, and the amounts of covalent binding sites decreased with the increases of the concentration of DOM. This is attributed that the polymerization of DOM by the photo‐oxidation competed with the covalent binding between AN and DOM. 相似文献
84.
Roadside particulate air pollution in Bangkok 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jinsart W Tamura K Loetkamonwit S Thepanondh S Karita K Yano E 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(9):1102-1110
Airborne fine particles of PM(2.5-10) and PM2.5 in Bangkok, Nonthaburi, and Ayutthaya were measured from December 22, 1998, to March 26, 1999, and from November 30, 1999, to December 2, 1999. Almost all the PM10 values in the high-polluted (H) area exceeded the Thailand National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of 120 microg/m3. The low-polluted (L) area showed low PM10 (34-74 microg/m3 in the daytime and 54-89 microg/m3 at night). PM2.5 in the H area varied between 82 and 143 microg/m3 in the daytime and between 45 and 146 microg/m3 at night. In the L area, PM2.5 was quite low both day and night and varied between 24 and 54 microg/m3, lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standard (65 microg/m3). The personal exposure results showed a significantly higher proportion of PM2.5 to PM10 in the H area than in the L area (H = 0.80 +/- 0.08 and L = 0.65 +/- 0.04). Roadside PM10 was measured simultaneously with the Thailand Pollution Control Department (PCD) monitoring station at the same site and at the intersections where police work. The result from dual simultaneous measurements of PM10 showed a good correlation (correlation coefficient: r = 0.93); however, PM levels near the roadside at the intersections were higher than the concentrations at the monitoring station. The relationship between ambient PM level and actual personal exposures was examined. Correlation coefficients between the general ambient outdoors and personal exposure levels were 0.92 for both PM2.5 and PM10. Bangkok air quality data for 1997-2000, including 24-hr average PM10, NO2, SO2, and O3 from eight PCD monitoring stations, were analyzed and validated. The annual arithmetic mean PM10 of the PCD data at the roadside monitoring stations for the last 3 years decreased from 130 to 73 microg/m3, whereas the corresponding levels at the general monitoring stations decreased from 90 to 49 microg/m3. The proportion of days when the level of the 24-hr average PM10 exceeded the NAAQS was between 13 and 26% at roadside stations. PCD data showed PM10 was well correlated with NO2 but not with SO2, suggesting that automobile exhaust is the main source of the particulate air pollution. The results obtained from the simultaneous measurement of PM2.5 and PM10 indicate the potential environmental health hazard of fine particles. In conclusion, Bangkok traffic police were exposed to high levels of automobile-derived particulate air pollution. 相似文献
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87.
Hersília de Andrade e Santos Paulo dos Santos Pompeu Danilo Okuma Lessa Kenji 《Regional Environmental Change》2012,12(1):123-132
Flow regulation causes various environmental impacts in the downstream reaches of impounded rivers. The S?o Francisco River (SF) basin is Brazil’s third most important watershed. Several dams have been built in its course in the last four decades, mostly for flow regulation and hydropower generation. This paper presents an evaluation of historical changes in the flood regime. Three regions of the SF River basin, which are under the influence of different levels of regulation, were studied: the lower, middle, and upper SF River. The components of magnitude, frequency, and duration of floods were quantified for each region from 1940 to 1960 (prior to the construction of the first dam) and from 1986 to 2006 (after the last dam). The results have shown the inexistence of big floods in the downstream areas, decreasing durations of small floods as well as significant changes in the annual seasonality of floods. Reductions in the flood frequency were verified in all stretches, even in non-regulated systems, such as the lower Velhas River. The climate variation, which occurred in both period, was not able to explain the changes in the flood regime of S?o Francisco River; therefore, dams and other anthropogenic activity are the main factors promoting the temporal variability of streamflows in the S?o Francisco basin. 相似文献
88.
89.
Okamoto Y Hayashi T Toda C Ueda K Hashizume K Itoh K Nishikawa J Nishihara T Kojima N 《Chemosphere》2006,64(10):1785-1792
Phthalate esters (PEs) have been suspected to be environmental endocrine disruptors and the detailed mechanism remains unclear. The activities of these chemicals can be enhanced through chemical modification under the environmental conditions. We demonstrate that PEs acquire unequivocal estrogenic activity by light exposure. Through UV exposure of an aqueous PE solution, one active photoproduct, identified as 4-hydroxyPE (PE-4OH) based on its characteristic UV and mass spectra, was detected in an estrogen receptor alpha-dependent transactivation assay. PE-4OH was effectively generated by UV 290 nm. The PE-4OH production accompanied H2O2 generation in a UV dose-dependent manner. Both PE and UV irradiation were indispensable in the generation of H2O2. Addition of H2O2 to the PE solution increased PE-4OH production under UV irradiation. The PE-4OH production was also observed in the PE reaction with the Fenton reagent generating hydroxyl radical without UV irradiation. The proposed mechanism for PE-4OH production based on these results is such that by PE-mediated photosensitization H2O2 is generated from O2 and H+ and decomposed to hydroxyl radical, thus oxidizing the PE benzene ring. The PEs-4OH are remarkably active estrogenic products of PEs and would be involved in ER-mediated endocrine disruption. 相似文献
90.
E.D.?David?MorganEmail author John?M.?Brand Kenji?Mori Sarah?J.?Keegans 《Chemoecology》2004,14(2):119-120
Summary. The major component of the trail pheromone of
the myrmicine ant Crematogaster castanea
has been identified as (R)-2-dodecanol from
the tibial glands of the hind legs. The substance gave activity comparable to the
contents of 8 tibial glands at a concentration of 1 pg per 32 cm trail. 相似文献