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791.
792.
Alfredo Mahar Lagmay Jerico Mendoz Fatima Cipriano Patricia Anne Delmendo Micah Nieves Lacsaman Marc Anthony Moises Nicanor Pellejera III Kenneth Ni?o Punay Glenn Sabio Laurize Santos Jonathan Serrano Herbert James Taniz Neil Eneri Tingin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(9):39-47
Urban floods from thunderstorms cause severe problems in Metro Manila due to road traffic. Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-derived topography, flood simulations and anecdotal reports, the root of surface flood problems in Metro Manila is identified. Majority of flood-prone areas are along the intersection of creeks and streets located in topographic lows. When creeks overflow or when rapidly accumulated street flood does not drain fast enough to the nearest stream channel, the intersecting road also gets flooded. Possible solutions include the elevation of roads or construction of well-designed drainage structures leading to the creeks. Proposed solutions to the flood problem of Metro Manila may avoid paralyzing traffic problems due to short-lived rain events, which according to Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) cost the Philippine economy 2.4 billion pesos/day. 相似文献
793.
Stuart W. Krasner Kenneth P. Cantor Peter J. Weyer Mariana Hildesheim Gary Amy 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(8):183-190
In the 1980 s, a case–control epidemiologic study was conducted in Iowa(USA) to analyze the association between exposure to disinfection by-products(DBPs) and bladder cancer risk. Trihalomethanes(THMs), the most commonly measured and dominant class of DBPs in drinking water, served as a primary metric and surrogate for the full DBP mixture.Average THM exposure was calculated, based on rough estimates of past levels in Iowa. To reduce misclassification, a follow-up study was undertaken to improve estimates of past THM levels and to re-evaluate their association with cancer risk. In addition, the risk associated with haloacetic acids, another class of DBPs, was examined. In the original analysis, surface water treatment plants were assigned one of two possible THM levels depending on the point of chlorination. The re-assessment considered each utility treating surface or groundwater on a case-by-case basis. Multiple treatment/disinfection scenarios and water quality parameters were considered with actual DBP measurements to develop estimates of past levels. The highest annual average THM level in the re-analysis was156 μg/L compared to 74 μg/L for the original analysis. This allowed the analysis of subjects exposed at higher levels( 96 μg/L). The re-analysis established a new approach, based on case studies and an understanding of the water quality and operational parameters that impact DBP formation, for determining historical exposure. 相似文献
794.
颗粒载体生物滴滤床处理低浓度污水对比试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用生物陶粒和Hat Creek煤两种颗粒载体,应用于滴滤床颗粒填料生物反应器模型中,进行去除有机污染物的性能对比试验研究。研究表明,生物陶粒可作为滴滤床填料去除低浓度污水中的有机污染物,但在贫营养条件时,处理效果不如Hat Creek煤;而在进水浓度或水量增加,营养不成为限定因素的运行条件下,其极限负荷与处理效果明显要优于Hat Creek煤。 相似文献
795.
Mating behaviors of ants fall into two categories: female calling, in which a female alate releases pheromones that attract
males, and male swarming, in which large male aggregations attract females. Female calling is common in species with queens
that return to their natal nest to found colonies dependently after mating, while male swarming is common in species with
queens that disperse to found independently. In some species that display both founding strategies, a queen-size polymorphism
has evolved in which dependent-founding queens are smaller than independent-founding queens. Dependent founding is likely
difficult if gynes (virgin queens) are mating in distant swarms. Therefore, a queen may adopt one or the other mating strategy
based on its size and founding behavior. We investigated mating behaviors in the queen-polymorphic ant, Temnothorax longispinosus. Observations in laboratory mating arenas indicated that small gynes exhibited significantly lower flight activity than large
gynes. Both forms mated in male swarms, and neither form exhibited female calling. The reduced flight activity of the small
morph may facilitate returning to the natal nest after mating, provided the mating swarm is located nearby. Therefore, alternative
colony-founding behaviors may be possible without the evolution of female-calling behavior; however, the reduced flight activity
of small morphs may require that mating swarms are not distant from the natal nest. 相似文献
796.
Trust in Sources of Soil and Water Quality Information: Implications for Environmental Outreach and Education 下载免费PDF全文
Amber Saylor Mase Nicholas L. Babin Linda Stalker Prokopy Kenneth D. Genskow 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(6):1656-1666
Public trust in organizations focused on improving environmental quality is important for increasing awareness and changing behaviors that have water quality implications. Few studies have addressed trust in soil and water quality information sources, particularly for both agricultural and nonagricultural respondents of the same watersheds. Surveys in 19 watersheds across five states in the Midwest assessed trust in, and familiarity with, soil and water quality information sources. Overall, respondents most trusted University Extension, Soil and Water Conservation Districts, and the Natural Resource Conservation Service, while lawn care companies, environmental groups, and land trusts were less trusted. Significant differences in trusted sources were found between watersheds, and between agricultural and nonagricultural respondents across and within watersheds. Among agricultural respondents, a clear relationship exists between familiarity and trust; as familiarity with an organization increases, so too does level of trust. This relationship is less clear‐cut for nonagricultural respondents in this region. We highlight implications of these findings for soil and water quality outreach efforts. 相似文献
797.
Xiaoge Huang Lihao Chen Ziqi Ma Kenneth C. Carroll Xiao Zhao Zailin Huo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(12):151