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101.
102.
T.?Yoshida T.?TodaEmail author V.?Kuwahara S.?Taguchi B.?H.?R.?Othman 《Marine Biology》2004,145(3):505-513
Calanus sinicus is a large calanoid copepod and a dominant species in the coastal waters of Japan. During a research cruise in Sagami Bay on 18 June 1996, we found C. sinicus
performing an unusual diel vertical migration (DVM), a behavior that has not been reported in previous studies on this species. This study examined the DVM of C.
sinicus under different light environments and revealed the copepods characteristic response to light. Field and laboratory results show that the DVM of C.
sinicus is flexible and also confirmed its sensitivity and its rapid response to changing light environments. It is suggested that C. sinicus reacts to changes in absolute light intensity. This feature may be common in oceanic copepod species. The copepods quick reaction to light variation provides decreased predation risks and increased feeding opportunities, which make them a dominant survivor in coastal water habitats.Communicated by T. Ikeda, Hakodate 相似文献
103.
104.
The queenless ant Pristomyrmex punctatus (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) has a unique society that differs from those of other typical ants. This species does not have
a queen, and the workers lay eggs and produce their clones parthenogenetically. However, a colony of these ants does not always
comprise members derived from a single clonal line. In this study, we examined whether P. punctatus changes its “assembling behavior” based on colony genetic structure. We prepared two subcolonies—a larger one comprising
200 individuals and a smaller one comprising 100 individuals; these subcolonies were established from a single stock colony.
We investigated whether these subcolonies assemble into a single nest. The genetically monomorphic subcolonies (single clonal
line) always fused into a single nest; however, the genetically polymorphic subcolonies (multiple clonal lines) did not tend
to form a single colony. The present study is the first to demonstrate that the colony genetic structure significantly affects
social viscosity in social insects. 相似文献
105.
Hee-Jong Kim Hideki Yoshida Toshihiko Matsuto Yasumasa Tojo Takayuki Matsuo 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(3):465-472
In a closed landfill, Japan, remedial actions have been undertaken to address the inadequate leachate collection and drainage systems. Part of this process included installing many passive gas vents in the landfill to promote stabilization of landfilled waste. This study focused on the gas velocity in vents by conducting tracer tests to elucidate the gas flow via passive gas vents. The gas composition and gas temperature in the vents was also measured.As the gas vents pass through the waste layer, both landfill gas and air flows through the vents. Therefore, passive gas vents can be used to aerate landfilled waste as well as to collect and release landfill gas. Aerobic biodegradation occurs when air migrates through the waste layer if organic matter is present; this increases the temperature of the waste layer. Inflow of air into the gas vents can occur at a wide range of depths, even 10–20 m below ground level. Air is induced not from the surface of the landfill, but horizontally along the waste layer. The driving force of air induction from outside is a buoyancy effect caused by the temperature rise due to aerobic biodegradation. 相似文献
106.
107.
Bryan N. Duncan Yasuko Yoshida Jennifer R. Olson Sanford Sillman Randall V. Martin Lok Lamsal Yongtao Hu Kenneth E. Pickering Christian Retscher Dale J. Allen James H. Crawford 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(18):2213-2223
We investigated variations in the relative sensitivity of surface ozone formation in summer to precursor species concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as inferred from the ratio of the tropospheric columns of formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide (the “Ratio”) from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Our modeling study suggests that ozone formation decreases with reductions in VOCs at Ratios <1 and NOx at Ratios >2; both NOx and VOC reductions may decrease ozone formation for Ratios between 1 and 2. Using this criteria, the OMI data indicate that ozone formation became: 1. more sensitive to NOx over most of the United States from 2005 to 2007 because of the substantial decrease in NOx emissions, primarily from stationary sources, and the concomitant decrease in the tropospheric column of NO2, and 2. more sensitive to NOx with increasing temperature, in part because emissions of highly reactive, biogenic isoprene increase with temperature, thus increasing the total VOC reactivity. In cities with relatively low isoprene emissions (e.g., Chicago), the data clearly indicate that ozone formation became more sensitive to NOx from 2005 to 2007. In cities with relatively high isoprene emissions (e.g., Atlanta), we found that the increase in the Ratio due to decreasing NOx emissions was not obvious as this signal was convolved with variations in the Ratio associated with the temperature dependence of isoprene emissions and, consequently, the formaldehyde concentration. 相似文献
108.
Detection of Dechlorane Plus and brominated flame retardants in marketed fish in Japan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kakimoto K Nagayoshi H Yoshida J Akutsu K Konishi Y Toriba A Hayakawa K 《Chemosphere》2012,89(4):416-419
Fish samples purchased from Japanese markets were analyzed for Dechlorane Plus (DP)(syn-, anti-), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)(α, γ). Twenty fish were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for DP and PBDE, and using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for HBCD. DP was detected in 18 samples and ∑DP concentrations were <0.2-14.2 pg g−1 wet wt. Among the DP isomers, anti-DP was the dominant residue observed in this study. PBDE was detected in all samples. Concentrations of ∑PBDE ranged from 2.2 to 878 pg g−1 wet wt. HBCD was detected in 18 samples, and ∑HBCD concentrations were <0.02-21.9 ng g−1 wet wt. In fish landed near the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan, we detected relatively high concentrations of DP, PBDE, and HBCD. These results indicate that the seawaters around East Asia are contaminated with flame retardants. This study demonstrates the presence of DP in fish marketed in Japan for the first time. 相似文献
109.
Fuma S Watanabe Y Kawaguchi I Takata T Kubota Y Ban-Nai T Yoshida S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2012,103(1):15-19
Derivation of effect benchmark values for each taxonomic group, which has been difficult due to lack of experimental effects data, is required for more adequate protection of the environment from ionising radiation. Estimation of effects doses from nuclear DNA mass and subsequent species sensitivity distribution (SSD) analysis were proposed as a method for such a derivation in acute irradiation situations for assumed nuclear accident scenarios. As a case study, 5% hazardous doses (HD5s), at which only 5% of species are acutely affected at 50% or higher lethality, were estimated on a global scale. After nuclear DNA mass data were obtained from a database, 50% lethal doses (LD50s) for 4.8 and 36% of the global Anura and Caudata species, respectively, were estimated by correlative equations between nuclear DNA mass and LD50s. Differences between estimated and experimental LD50s were within a factor of three. The HD5s obtained by the SSD analysis of these estimated LD50s data were 5.0 and 3.1 Gy for Anura and Caudata, respectively. This approach was also applied to the derivation of regional HD5s. The respective HD5s were 6.5 and 3.2 Gy for Anura and Caudata inhabiting Japan. This HD5 value for the Japanese Anura was significantly higher than the global value, while Caudata had no significant difference in global and Japanese HD5s. These results suggest that this approach is also useful for derivation of regional benchmark values, some of which are likely different from the global values. 相似文献
110.
C.C. Biddappa Mitsuo Chino Kikuo Kumazavra 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):511-528
Abstract Adsorption, desorption, potential and selective distribution of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Ni were investigated in three typical soils of Japan under flooded condition. The results indicate that the sorption of all heavy metals was linear upto the maximum concentration (500 μg/g soil) employed in the present studies in all the soils. The magnitude of sorption in general was in the order of Pb > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni. The adsorption coefficients showed wide variations among different soils as well as metal ions. The hysteresis of sorption and desorption by KNO3 was well pronounced for both the metal ions and the soils. The desorption rate was greater than the fixation rate indicating the predominance of the chemosorption over physical processes. The major portion of sorbed metals were retained in the unextractable form, which over all accounted for more than 50% of the sorbed metals. 相似文献