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排序方式: 共有63条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Removal of heavy metals in rinsing wastewater from plating factory by adsorption with economical viable materials 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Katsumata H Kaneco S Inomata K Itoh K Funasaka K Masuyama K Suzuki T Ohta K 《Journal of environmental management》2003,69(2):187-191
The removal of heavy metals from plating factory wastewater with economical materials was investigated by the column method. Montmorillonite, kaolin, tobermorite, magnetite, silica gel and alumina were used as the economical adsorbents to wastewater containing Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II). This removal method of heavy metals proved highly effective as removal efficiency tended to increase with increasing pH and decrease with increasing metal concentration. The removal percentages by adsorption onto montmorillonite, tobermorite, magnetite, and silica gel showed high values for all metals. From the results for the heat of adsorption, the adsorption process in the present study might be chemisorption. The proposed method was successfully applied to the removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in rinsing wastewater from plating factory in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Since the economical adsorbents used can be obtained commercially because they are easily synthesized, the wastewater treatment system developed is rapid, simple and cheap for the removal of heavy metals. 相似文献
42.
Meihua DengSonoko D. Kimura Juhwan LeeMasayuki Hojito Muneoki Yoh 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):330-337
Evaluation of denitrification capacities is necessary to develop a sustainable manure management system in order to reduce NO3− leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural soils. Denitrification rates were measured using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores from eight Andosols under three different cropping systems in an intensive livestock catchment of central Japan. The N application rates ranged from 200 to 800 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The denitrification rates were highly variable across fields, and were influenced significantly by land uses and manure forms. Compared with upland fields, paddy rice fields had a greater denitrification rate up to 1380 and 85 mg N m−2 day−1 in the top 30-cm soil layer during flooding and non-flooding periods, respectively. In upland fields, the maximum value for the top 30-cm soils was 44 mg N m−2 day−1 and most of the rates were less than 10 mg N m−2 day−1. The greater denitrification rates were often associated with slurry application rather than composted dry manure. Overall, denitrification from Andosols in this study displayed a lower capacity than that of non-Andosols. 相似文献
43.
Ubiquity of parasporin-1 producers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus thuringiensis</Emphasis> natural populations of Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Uemori A Maeda M Yasutake K Ohgushi A Kagoshima K Mizuki E Ohba M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(1):34-38
Parasporin, a Bacillus thuringiensis parasporal protein, is unique in having a strong cytocidal activity preferential for human cancer cells. In this study, we
characterized parasporin activities associated with three novel geographical isolates of B.
thuringiensis. Parasporal inclusion proteins of the three isolates were highly toxic to human uterus cervix cancer cells (HeLa), but not
to non-cancer uterine smooth muscle cells (UtSMC). Inclusions of the isolates lacked insect toxicity and hemolytic activity
against sheep erythrocytes. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests revealed that the proteins of the three isolates are immunologically
closely related to parasporin-1 (Cry31A), but dissimilar to the three other existing parasporin groups. Our results provide
evidence that the parasporin-1-producing organism is a common member in B. thuringiensis populations occurring in natural environments of Japan. 相似文献
44.
Modeling heterogeneous ClNO2 formation,chloride availability,and chlorine cycling in Southeast Texas
H. Simon Y. Kimura G. McGaughey D.T. Allen S.S. Brown D. Coffman J. Dibb H.D. Osthoff P. Quinn J.M. Roberts G. Yarwood S. Kemball-Cook D. Byun D. Lee 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(40):5476-5488
Nitryl Chloride (ClNO2) mixing ratios above 1 ppbv have been measured off the coast of Southeast Texas. ClNO2 formation, the result of heterogeneous N2O5 uptake on chloride-containing aerosols, has a significant impact on oxidant formation for the Houston area. This work reports on the modeling of ClNO2 formation and describes the sensitivity of ClNO2 formation to key parameters. Model sensitivity analyses found that: (1) Chloride availability limits the formation of nitryl chloride at ground level but not aloft; (2) When excess particulate chloride was assumed to be present at ground level through sea salt, ClNO2 concentrations increased in some locations by a factor of 13, as compared to cases where sea salt chloride was assumed to be limited; (3) Inland formation of ClNO2 seems feasible based on chloride availability and could have a large impact on total ClNO2 formed in the region; and (4) ClNO2 formation is quite sensitive to the assumed yield of ClNO2 from N2O5 uptake. These results demonstrate that there is a need for further field studies to better understand the geographic extent of ClNO2 formation and the atmospheric conditions which control partitioning of chloride into the particle phase. In addition, this work examined the role of ClNO2 in the cycling of chlorine between chloride and reactive chlorine radicals. The modeling indicated that the majority of reactive chlorine in Texas along the Gulf coast is cycled through ClNO2, demonstrating the importance of including ClNO2 into photochemical models for this region. 相似文献
45.
We analyzed low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes in throughfall under pine forest, and organic acids in dew on chemically inert surfaces and pine needle surfaces at urban- and mountain-facing sites of pine forest in western Japan. Low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes accounted for less than 5% of the dissolved organic carbon in throughfall at both sites. Formaldehyde at both sites and formate at the mountain-facing site were found at significantly lower concentrations in throughfall than in rainfall, which may be explained by the degradation and/or retention of these components by the pine canopy as the incident precipitation passed through it. The oxalate concentration in throughfall was significantly higher than those in rainfall at both sites, suggesting that oxalate was derived from leaching from the pine foliage. At both sites, organic acid concentrations were higher in dew on the pine needles than in throughfall or dew on chemically inert surfaces. This could be due to the long contact time of dew on pine needles, during which leached substances from pine needles and dry deposits accumulated on their surfaces can dissolve into the small volume of dew. The role of enhanced concentrations of oxalate in an aqueous phase on the plant surfaces (e.g., dew) is discussed in relation to hydroxyl radical formation via the photo-Fenton reaction. 相似文献
46.
Sonoko D. Kimura Yo Toma Zhijian Mu Hiroyuki Yamada Ryusuke Hatano 《Sustainability Science》2010,5(1):19-27
Relationships among global warming potential (GWP), farmland surplus nitrogen (FSN) and income for major land uses in the
Ikushunbetsu watershed were compared using the eco-balance method. An empirical model was created for carbon dioxide, methane
and nitrous oxide for both uplands and paddy rice using monitoring data from 22 fields. The greenhouse gas emissions were
converted into GWP, whereas yield and FSN were obtained from interviews with farmers and a literature survey. Land use distribution
was obtained by ground surveys in 2002, 2005 and 2007. The analysis showed that paddy rice and soybeans were characterized
by a high GWP, low FSN and high income, whereas onions and vegetables had a high FSN but low GWP and moderate income. Wheat
showed a negative GWP in some years, and abandoned areas always exhibited negative values. The total GWPs for the region were
14,184, 11,085 and 8,337 Mg CO2 year−1 for 2002, 2005 and 2007, respectively. The contribution of paddy rice to GWP was highest, ranging from 40 to 75%. To find
optimal land use combinations that provide higher incomes and lower GWPs and FSNs than at present, all possible land use combinations
were analyzed by changing the land use proportion from 0 to 100% at an interval of 10%. The number of land use combinations
meeting the requirements in the three investigated years was 205. Abandoned area, which had the smallest environmental load,
was included in every land use combination, indicating that land uses with low environmental impacts should be maintained
at a certain proportion to mitigate the environmental load accompanying land uses with high production. 相似文献
47.
Atsumi Miyake Arata Kimura Nobuyoshi Yamada 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):124-128
An accidental explosion occurred in a waste storage tank at an incineration plant in Kawasaki, Japan, on May 11, 1997. The
accident was caused primarily by unintended mixing involving reactive chemicals, such as organic peroxides (POs) and acrylonitrile
(AN). The PO initiated polymerization of AN and the heat released during the polymerization led to a runaway reaction and
explosion. POs are widely used in the chemical industry and can be self-reactive and hazardous when mixed with other chemicals
such as acids and alkalis. The goal of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the mixing hazard of chemicals through
an evaluation of POs with other chemicals using conventional experimental techniques such as glass test-tube tests, Dewar
vessel tests, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Seven types of POs were mixed with AN. Test results were classified
into four ranks based on the hazard criteria. In addition, di(2-ethylhexyl)-peroxydicarbonate/AN mixtures were investigated
in detail and the influences of the mixing ratio and the stirring rate were examined. 相似文献
48.
Continuous abundance estimates (510 m resolution) of the copepods Neocalanus cristatus, N. flemingeri and Metridia pacifica were obtained with an electronic particle counter along cruise tracks in the subarctic western North Pacific in spring. For
all three species, the number of patches decreased exponentially with increasing patch size. Most patches (63 to 83%) were
dominated by one species, and patches of the same species more closely spaced than patches of different species. The patches
of M. pacifica tended to coexist with those of N. cristatus. In contrast, patches of N. flemingeri rarely co-occurred with those of other copepods. These patterns were more clearly observed in fine-scale observations with
sampling intervals of <31 m. Coherence analysis of copepod species pairs showed no characteristic scale at 2 to 50 km wave
lengths. At shorter wave lengths (<2 km), frequent positive correlations were observed between N. cristatus and M. pacifica. Thus, the distribution of copepods appears to be a mosaic assemblage of patches of each copepod species. These results suggest
that copepods have a mechanism to form species-specific aggregations, and the aggregation and segregation processes are maintained
at a scale of <2 km.
Received: 24 February 1999 / Accepted: 25 April 2000 相似文献
49.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Predicting the motion of driftwood around hydraulic structures such as bridge piers and spur dikes is important. We propose a numerical model for simulating... 相似文献
50.
Masaki Takaoka Nobuo Takeda Takeshi Fujiwara Masato Kurata Tetsuo Kimura 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):931-940
Abstract The control of Hg emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is very important, because more than 78% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. The Hg content of coal used in utility boilers is relatively low in Japan. In this study, recent trends in the Hg content of MSW in Japan and activated carbon (AC) injection as a control technology of Hg emission from an MSWI are discussed. The effect of AC injection on Hg removal from flue gas in an MSWI was investigated by pilot-scale experiments using a bag filter (BF). The injection of AC increases the Hg reduction ratio by 20–30% compared with cases without AC injection. The Hg reduction ratio increases as the flue gas temperature decreases. The Hg reduction ratio is closely related to the inlet Hg concentration and was expressed with a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献