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41.
Ameer Fawad Zahoor Muhammad Awais Zulafqar Ali Kiran Aftab Kulsoom Ghulam Ali 《毒物与环境化学》2015,97(2):145-154
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of microwave oven frying on production of four, light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) anthracene, fluorene, phenathrene, and pyrene in four tissues heart, liver, neck, and wings of Aseel chickens. The microwave oven-fried samples of tissues along with respective control after appropriate preparation were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. These PAH were identified by comparing retention time of the unknown with known ones and concentration was calculated. Data showed that among the four chicken tissues, the neck contained the maximum level (0.079 mg/kg) of anthracene while wings contained the minimum (0.006 mg/kg). Similarly, in case of flourene, the fried heart showed greater percentage increase (225.04%) while wings showed 16.18% fluorene compared with other two organs, while phenanthrene and pyrene were maximal in wings at 0.249 mg/kg and 0.094 mg/kg, respectively. Results demonstrate that high-temperature treatment such as microwave oven frying of chicken meat might be responsible to generate these toxicants. Further study is to determine the production of other PAH under the different barbecuing conditions using various meat varieties. 相似文献
42.
Skariyachan Sinosh Manjunatha Vishal Sultana Subiya Jois Chandana Bai Vidya Vasist Kiran S. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18307-18319
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study aimed to formulate novel microbial consortia isolated from plastic garbage processing areas and thereby devise an eco-friendly approach for... 相似文献
43.
Dragutin T. Mihailovic Kiran Alapaty Zorica Podrascanin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2009,16(2):144-151
Background, aim, and scope Improving the parameterization of processes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and surface layer, in air quality and
chemical transport models. To do so, an asymmetrical, convective, non-local scheme, with varying upward mixing rates is combined
with the non-local, turbulent, kinetic energy scheme for vertical diffusion (COM). For designing it, a function depending
on the dimensionless height to the power four in the ABL is suggested, which is empirically derived. Also, we suggested a
new method for calculating the in-canopy resistance for dry deposition over a vegetated surface.
Materials and methods The upward mixing rate forming the surface layer is parameterized using the sensible heat flux and the friction and convective
velocities. Upward mixing rates varying with height are scaled with an amount of turbulent kinetic energy in layer, while
the downward mixing rates are derived from mass conservation. The vertical eddy diffusivity is parameterized using the mean
turbulent velocity scale that is obtained by the vertical integration within the ABL. In-canopy resistance is calculated by
integration of inverse turbulent transfer coefficient inside the canopy from the effective ground roughness length to the
canopy source height and, further, from its the canopy height.
Results This combination of schemes provides a less rapid mass transport out of surface layer into other layers, during convective
and non-convective periods, than other local and non-local schemes parameterizing mixing processes in the ABL. The suggested
method for calculating the in-canopy resistance for calculating the dry deposition over a vegetated surface differs remarkably
from the commonly used one, particularly over forest vegetation.
Discussion In this paper, we studied the performance of a non-local, turbulent, kinetic energy scheme for vertical diffusion combined
with a non-local, convective mixing scheme with varying upward mixing in the atmospheric boundary layer (COM) and its impact
on the concentration of pollutants calculated with chemical and air-quality models. In addition, this scheme was also compared
with a commonly used, local, eddy-diffusivity scheme. Simulated concentrations of NO2 by the COM scheme and new parameterization of the in-canopy resistance are closer to the observations when compared to those
obtained from using the local eddy-diffusivity scheme.
Conclusions Concentrations calculated with the COM scheme and new parameterization of in-canopy resistance, are in general higher and
closer to the observations than those obtained by the local, eddy-diffusivity scheme (on the order of 15–22%).
Recommendations and perspectives To examine the performance of the scheme, simulated and measured concentrations of a pollutant (NO2) were compared for the years 1999 and 2002. The comparison was made for the entire domain used in simulations performed by
the chemical European Monitoring and Evaluation Program Unified model (version UNI-ACID, rv2.0) where schemes were incorporated. 相似文献
44.
Deshmukh Suchit Bala Kiran Kumar Ritunesh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24462-24473
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Different microalgae species produce varying quantity and quality of the lipids. Fatty acid methyl ester composition, which comprises both saturated... 相似文献
45.
Manzoor Maria Gul Iram Manzoor Aamir Kamboh Usman Rauf Hina Kiran Kallerhoff Jean Arshad Muhammad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(32):39753-39762
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Availability of lead (Pb) in soil is a major factor controlling the phytoremediation efficiency of plants. This study was focused on investigating the... 相似文献
46.
Kaitlyn Duthie-Kannikkatt Shailesh Shukla Sanyasi Rao M.L. Kiran Sakkhari Devullu Pachari 《Local Environment》2013,18(9):843-860
ABSTRACTDespite increasing evidence of threats to Indigenous food systems, many Indigenous communities are innovating to enhance their resilience while conserving and promoting their traditional food systems, offering important lessons for rural development policy. This community-based case study explores one such Indigenous initiative: Sanjeevini, in Andhra Pradesh, India. Sanjeevini has been effective in designing and implementing creative strategies for seed sovereignty and biocultural conservation. Interviews with key persons associated with Sanjeevini (n?=?8) and participatory field-research in the Araku Valley region, including interviews with small scale farmers (n?=?30), revealed community development strategies emphasising a link between biological and cultural heritage in Indigenous food systems. These include hosting cultural seed festivals, establishing and maintaining community-based seed banks, and facilitating inter-community seed exchanges. Importantly, these strategies take place against a backdrop of community-organising that counteracts the dominant neo-liberal development agenda while resisting deforestation that threatens Indigenous livelihoods. Sanjeevini’s success demonstrates that through the adaptive assertion of self-determination, rural social change is possible. This paper highlights alternative, community-driven articulations of seed sovereignty while underscoring the significance of this community’s own vision in guiding rural innovation and offering promising working models for cultivating rural resilience. 相似文献
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48.
The present study was carried out to observe the possible beneficial effects of Vitamin E, a natural antioxidant on methomyl-induced biochemical and histological alterations in rat liver. To carry out the investigations, animals were segregated in four different groups. Animals in Group I served as normal controls. Animals in Group II were given single methomyl dose orally in water (9 mg kg?1 b.wt). Animals in Group III were injected intraperitoneally with Vitamin E (50 mg kg?1 b.wt) for 1 week on alternate days. Animals in Group IV were administered Vitamin E 1 week before subjecting them to methomyl treatment. Animals in all the groups were sacrificed 24 h after the end of treatments. Different biochemical estimations were carried out, which included estimation of aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Further, to examine the oxidative damage lipid peroxidation (LPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), and glutathione-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were estimated in liver samples. AchE activity was inhibited significantly both in serum and liver following methomyl treatment. Administration of methomyl caused a significant increase in serum AST, ALT and ALP which indicated hepatic damage. LPO was found to be significantly increased, whereas GSH levels were decreased in the liver of methomyl-treated animals. The activities of SOD and catalase were significantly decreased whereas GST and GSHPx activities were found to be elevated significantly following methomyl treatment. No significant change in the enzyme activity of GR and glutathione-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase was observed after methomyl treatment. Vitamin E supplementation was able to attenuate appreciably the methomyl-induced changes in LPO levels along with SOD and GST activities. Histopathological studies following methomyl treatment revealed that hepatocytes, were not very well delineated and nuclei showed degenerative changes. Whereas, following Vitamin E supplementation in combined treatment group nuclei showing degenerative changes become less in number. The study, therefore, concludes that Vitamin E has a potential in mitigating most of the adverse effects induced by methomyl acute toxicity. 相似文献
49.
Pengfei Li Liqiang Wang Ping Guo Shaocai Yu Khalid Mehmood Si Wang Weiping Liu John H. Seinfeld Yang Zhang David C. Wong Kiran Alapaty Jon Pleim Rohit Mathur 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(4):709-715
Many regions in China experience air pollution episodes because of the rapid urbanization and industrialization over the past decades. Here we analyzed the effect of emission controls implemented during the G-20 2016 Hangzhou summit on air quality. Emission controls included a forced closure of highly polluting industries, and limiting traffic and construction emissions in the cities and surroundings. Particles with aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) were measured. We also simulated air quality using a forecast system consisting of the two-way coupled Weather Research and Forecast and Community Multi-scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model. Results show PM2.5 and ozone levels in Hangzhou during the G-20 Summit were considerably lower than previous to the G-20 Summit. The predicted concentrations of ozone were reduced by 25.4%, whereas the predicted concentrations of PM2.5 were reduced by 56%. 相似文献
50.
Sinosh Skariyachan Priyanka Lokesh Reshma Rao Arushi Umesh Kumar Kiran S. Vasist Rajeswari Narayanappa 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(7):5483-5495
Urbanization and industrialization has increased the strength and qualities of municipal sewage in Bangalore, India. The disposal of sewage into natural water bodies became a serious issue. Byramangala reservoir is one such habitat enormously polluted in South India. The water samples were collected from four hotspots of Byramangala tank in 3 months. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and bacterial counts were determined. The fecal coliforms were identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical studies. The antibiotics sensitivity profiling of isolated bacteria were further carried out. We have noticed that a high content of BOD in the tank in all the 3 months. The total and fecal counts were found to be varied from 1.6?×?106 to 8.2?×?106?colony forming unit/ml and >5,500/100 ml, respectively. The variations in BOD and total count were found to be statistically significant at p?>?0.05. Many pathogenic bacteria were characterized and most of them were found to be multidrug resistant. Salmonella showed resistance to cefoperazone, cefotaxime, cefixime, moxifloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, co-trimoxazole, levofloxacin, trimethoprim, and ceftazidime. Escherichia coli showed resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, co-trimoxazole, rifampicin, and nitrofurantoin while Enterobacter showed resistant to ampicillin, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime. Klebsiella and Shigella exhibited multiple drug resistance to conventional antibiotics. Staphylococcus showed resistance to vancomycin, methicillin, oxacillin, and tetracycline. Furthermore, Salmonella and Klebsiella are on the verge of acquiring resistance to even the strongest carbapenems-imipenem and entrapenem. Present study revealed that Byramanagala tank has become a cesspool of multidrug-resistant “superbugs” and will be major health concern in South Bangalore, India. 相似文献