Zur chemie der marsoberfläche

Analyses of 13 samples of Martian surface materials with the Viking X-ray fluorescence spectrometers show SiO₂ similar to that of terrestrial mafic rocks, whereas Fe₂O₃, Cl, and S are higher and Al₂O₃, K₂O, Rb, Sr, Y, and Zr are lower. Low totals suggest presence of CO₂, H₂O, and Na₂O. Duricrust fragments are higher in S than fines, but samples from both landing sites are surprisingly similar. We suggest that Martian surface materials are aeolian deposits of complex mixtures of weathering products of maficultramafic rocks, possibly consisting of iron-rich clays, sulfates, iron oxides, carbonates, and chlorides.     

Effects of selected chemicals to photoluminescent bacteria and their correlations with acute and sublethal effects on other organisms

Microtox^R1 test toxicity values for twenty chlorophenols, twelve chlorobenzenes and thirteen para-substituted phenols have been determined and correlated with the acute and sublethal effects of these chemicals on several species of fish, bacteria and shrimp. The results indicate that the Microtox^R test provides good estimates of the toxicities to the various biota, as shown by the linear correlation equations presented, and that it is useful for the calculation of structure-activity correlations with physico-chemical parameters, such as the octanol/water partition coefficient.