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161.
Blood zinc level, hematological parameters and blood cell morphology were evaluated in common carp immediately after 3 h exposure to 20 mg dm(-3) of zinc (Zn0), and in 24, 48 and 96 hours after the end of it (Zn24, Zn48, Zn96). Blood zinc level in the non-exposed fish was 8 mg dm(-3), reached a maximum of 20 mg dm(-3) in Zn48, while it dropped to 9 mg dm(-3) in Zn96. Zinc caused a stress reaction in fish indicated by an increase in hematocrit value in Zn0, and elevated plasma glucose level and trombocytosis which persisted until the end of the experiment. Zinc-exposed fish showed an increased frequency of abnormal erythrocytes, and a compensatory release of immature erythrocytes to the blood stream. In zinc-treated fish, leukocyte count initially increased and subsequently decreased significantly below the control level due to a drop in lymphocyte number. Lymphocyte viability was reduced, and abnormal lymphocytes appeared. A decreased count of juvenile neutrophiles, and reduced phagocyte activity also occurred. The results indicate possible zinc-induced disturbances in both specific and non-specific immune mechanisms. 相似文献
162.
Kim KS Hong KH Ko YH Kim MG 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(5):555-562
The effect of temperature on polyvinylchloride (PVC) combustion using a downstream tubular furnace was investigated for the formation of polycylcic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated compounds. As the temperature increased, higher levels of PAHs were generated. Chlorinated compounds reached a peak at 600 degrees C, with low emissions recorded at 300 and 900 degrees C. There was a close correlation (R2 = 0.97) among polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). PAHs at all temperatures were analyzed in the gas phase. PCDD/Fs and PCBs were emitted as a solid phase at 300 and 600 degrees C and as a gas phase at 900 degrees C. For some PAHs, chlorobenzenes, and PCDD/Fs, a mathematical equation between the gas and solid phase and the reciprocal temperature in semilog proportion was derived. The proposed equation, which is log (amount in gas phase/amount in solid phase) = -A/T + B, where T is the temperature of the furnace and A and B are constants, for these species relating their gas/solid distributions showed a good relationship. 相似文献
163.
Buffetaut E Grellet-Tinner G Suteethorn V Cuny G Tong H Kosir A Cavin L Chitsing S Griffiths PJ Tabouelle J Le Loeuff J 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(10):477-482
We report on very small fossil eggs from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand, one of them containing a theropod embryo, which display a remarkable mosaic of characters. While the surficial ornamentation is typical of non-avian saurischian dinosaurs, the three-layered prismatic structure of the eggshell is currently known only in extant and fossil eggs associated with birds. These eggs, about the size of a goldfinch's, mirror at the reproductive level the retention of small body size that was paramount in the transition from non-avian theropods to birds. The egg-layer may have been a small feathered theropod similar to those recently found in China. 相似文献
164.
Eighty-eight high-risk pregnancies, 81 for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1 and 7 for haemoglobin (Hb) H disease, were collected in this study. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was done in 63 cases and amniocentesis in 25 cases to obtain fetal cells. Southern blotting and DNA hybridization with α- and φζ-globin gene probes were used to determine the α-globin gene status. In two non-informative families with non-deletional mutations, DNA analysis failed to rule out the affected condition, and fetal blood sampling (FBS) and Hb electrophoresis were used for the final diagnosis. In the 81 fetuses at risk for homozygous α-thalassaemia 1, 17 (13 by CVS and 4 by amniocentesis) were afffected, 30 were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, 19 were normal, and the remaining 15 were either normal or heterozygous. In the seven fetuses at risk for Hb H disease, one was normal, three were α-thalassaemia 1 heterozygotes, two were α-thalassaemia 2 heterozygotes, and one was affected with Hb H disease and developed hydrops fetalis. DNA analysis on fetal cells enabled us to diagnose prenatally severe α-thalassaemias, to prevent the birth of infants with Hb H disease, and to minimize maternal obstetrical complications from harbouring a fetus with Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis. 相似文献
165.
Investigation and risk assessment modeling of As and other heavy metals contamination around five abandoned metal mines in Korea 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tailings, agricultural soils, vegetables and groundwater samples were collected from abandoned metal mines (Duckum, Dongil,
Dongjung, Myoungbong and Songchun mines) in Korea. Total concentrations of arsenic (As) and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn)
were analyzed to investigate the contamination level. Several digestion methods (Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure
(TCLP), synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP), 0.1 N/1 N HCl) and sequential extraction analysis for mine tailings
were conducted to examine the potential leachability of As and heavy metals from the tailings. The order of urgent remediation
for the studied mines based on the risk assessment and remedial goals was suggested.
The Songchun mine tailings were most severely contaminated by As and heavy metals. Total concentrations of As and Pb in the
tailings were 38,600–58,700 mg/kg (av. 47,400 mg/kg) and 11,800–16,800 mg/kg (av. 14,600 mg/kg), respectively. Agricultural
soils having high As concentrations were found at the all mines. Average concentrations of Cd in the vegetables exceeded the
normal value at all mines areas, while As only at the Dongjung, Myoungbong, and Songchun mine area. One groundwater sample
each from the Dongil and Myoungbong mines, and 4 groundwater samples from the Songchun mine had values above 10 μg/L of As
concentration.
The TCLP method revealed that only Pb in the Songchun tailings, 6.49 mg/L, exceeded the regulatory level (5 mg/L). Employing
the 1-N HCl digestion method, the concentration of As in the Songchun mine tailings, 4,250 mg/kg, was up to 3,000 times higher
than its Korean countermeasure standard. Results from the sequential extraction of As in the tailings showed that the easily
releasable fraction in the Myoungbong and Songchun mine tailings was more than 30% and the residual fraction was less than
40%.
Based on results showing the exposure health risk employing the hazard quotient and cancer risk of As, Cd and Zn, the Dongil
mine needs the most urgent remedial action. The concentration reduction factor (CRF) of As in both soil and groundwater follows
the order: Songchun>Dongjung>Dongil>Myoungbong>Duckum mine. 相似文献
166.
Ying-Liang Chen Juu-En Chang Pai-Haung Shih Ming-Sheng Ko Yi-Kuo Chang Li-Choung Chiang 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(9):1892-1897
The purpose of this study was to combine the physical pretreatments of grinding, sieving, and magnetic-separation processes to reclaim iron-rich materials from the desulfurization slag, and to use the remainder for cement clinker production. The iron-rich materials can be separated out efficiently by grinding for 30 min and sieving with a 0.3 mm mesh. The non-magnetic fraction of the particles smaller than 0.3 mm was in the majority, and proved to be suitable for use as a cement raw material. The raw mixes prepared with a pretreated desulfurization slag had a relatively high reactivity, and the temperature at which alite forms was significantly reduced during the clinkerization process. The clinkers produced with 10% desulfurization slag had a high level of alite and good grindability. Generally, the improvements in clinkerization and clinker grindability are beneficial to energy conservation in cement manufacture. 相似文献
167.
168.
169.
Davor Dolar Sanja Pelko Krešimir Košutić Alka J.M. Horvat 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(2):147-152
Photolytic reactions are often complex, involving various competing or parallel pathways and leading to multiple reaction products. Removal of anthelmintic drugs (AD) – levamisole (LEV), albendazole (ABZ), praziquantel (PZQ), febantel (FEBA) from water and their photodegradation products with reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes were investigated in this work. Simulation of photodegradation of ADs was carried out under laboratory conditions with UV lamp at a wavelength of 254 nm for 4 h.Reverse osmosis (LFC–1 and XLE) and tight nanofiltration (NF90) membranes showed good removal (>83%) of anthelmintic drugs in binary solutions and in mixture. Other nanofiltration (NF270, NF and DK) membranes had rejection between 22 and 45% for smaller drugs (LEV and ALB) and >90% for PZQ and FEBA. These results show that main rejection mechanism in binary solutions was size exclusion and in mixture additional physico-chemical interactions had influence.After the UV treatment anthelmintic drugs were degraded into several photodegradation products (5 for LEV, 2 for ABZ, 1 for PZQ and 8 for FEBA). Reverse osmosis and NF90 membranes removed >95% of all photodegradation products (except FEBA1 around 70%) and other nanofiltration membranes between 33 and 99.99%. 相似文献
170.