Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by suspended and immobilized Bacillus insolitus

In this experiment, Bacillus insolitus was isolated and selected from a mixed culture that have been acclimated to chlorophenols. Decomposition of chlorophenolic compounds will be studied using this pure culture in both suspended and immobilized form. The results are: at lower initial concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol (10-50 mg/l), immobilized Bacillus insolitus shows a higher removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol than Bacillus insolitus in suspended growth. When the 2,4-dichlorophenol concentration becomes higher (50-200 mg/l), both immobilized and suspended Bacillus insolitus have approximately the same efficiency for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol. Higher concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol are inhibitive to the growth of either suspended or immobilized Bacillus insolitus. At lower concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenol, immobilized mixed culture may have the same removal efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol as immobilized pure culture of Bacillus insolitus. But with regard to the overall 2,4-dichlorophenol removal efficiency, immobilized pure culture is considered to be superior to immobilized mixed culture.     

磷酸盐对硫化亚铁(FeS)吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响机理研究

还原环境(如湖泊、海洋沉积物)中,FeS是重金属的重要载体。在富营养化过程中,磷酸盐可能对重金属在FeS上的吸附行为产生重要影响。本文通过不同pH、磷酸盐浓度的批次试验,结合X射线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射透射电子电镜-能谱仪(TEM-EDS)固体分析手段,进行磷酸盐对FeS吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响研究。结果表明:酸性和中性条件下,磷酸盐会与FeS溶解释放的Fe(Ⅱ)反应生成磷酸亚铁沉淀,促进FeS溶解,同时释放出更多的H₂S(aq)/HS^-与Sb(Ⅲ)结合形成Sb₂S₃沉淀,从而促进溶液中Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附。碱性条件下,FeS对Sb(Ⅲ)只有吸附作用,而磷酸盐会占据FeS表面部分的吸附位点,与Sb(Ⅲ)形成竞争关系,进而抑制溶液中Sb(Ⅲ)的吸附。     

贾鲁河郑州段污染源与水质响应关系的模拟研究

以贾鲁河郑州段为研究对象,建立其污染源与水质响应关系的二维EFDC模型。首先,采用Delft3D针对贾鲁河郑州城区段建立了曲线正交网格,基于2014年上半年污染源流量数据和河流水文数据模拟该段河流流场,利用实测值率定河道糙率,采用2014年下半年数据对河流水动力模型进行验证;其次,在河流水动力模拟的基础上,以COD为主要指标构建水质模型,同样采用2014年上半年数据对模型进行率定,用2014年下半年数据进行模型验证;最后对模型建立结果进行了总结分析。     

低分子量有机酸提取土壤中部分重金属的拟合模型研究

为研究不同浓度低分子量有机酸与提取的土壤重金属含量之间的关系,本文以采自安徽省安庆市某铜矿区及其周围的土壤为例,通过浸提法,研究了不同浓度苹果酸、甲酸对采样点土壤中重金属Cu、Mn、Zn、Pb提取能力的影响并进行模型拟合.结果表明:不同浓度苹果酸和甲酸对采样点土壤中重金属的提取量不同,两种有机酸对低pH、高重金属含量采样点及其周围土壤中的重金属提取量较大,两种低分子量有机酸对S6采样点的重金属Mn的提取量最大,分别为322.5 mg·kg~(-1)和193.58 mg·kg~(-1),提取率达70.02%和42.03%,Zn、Pb次之,Cu最低;随着苹果酸、甲酸浓度的升高,土壤中重金属Cu、Mn、Zn、Pb的提取量增加,苹果酸对土壤中重金属的提取能力大于甲酸;拟合模型对于两种低分子量有机酸与其提取的土壤中部分重金属含量之间的关系,具有较好的拟合性,其决定系数R~2在0.8293～0.9990之间,都具有显著性(p0.05),该模型可以定量表征低分子量有机酸对土壤重金属的提取能力,此研究结果为土壤中重金属的固定化和增强植物修复受重金属污染的土壤提供了理论支持.     

闽江河口养殖塘水体溶存氧化亚氮浓度及扩散通量研究

水产养殖生态系统由于其高氮负荷而成为氧化亚氮(N_2O)的潜在释放源.本文以福建闽江河口养虾塘为研究对象,采用静态顶空-气相色谱法测定分析了表层水体溶存N_2O浓度和饱和度,基于薄边界层模型计算了水-气界面N_2O扩散通量,在此基础上结合气象要素与水环境因子分析其主要影响因素.结果表明,养殖塘水体溶存N_2O浓度和饱和度的均值分别为17.96 nmol·L~(-1)和198.03%,时间变化上表现为养殖中期显著高于养殖末期和初期,且具有一定的日变化特征.相关分析表明,N_2O浓度及饱和度与温度、水体NH~+_4-N和叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关(p0.05),与气压、风速和水体pH值呈显著负相关(p0.05).LM86、W92和RC01模型估算的养殖塘水-气界面N_2O扩散通量的均值分别为20.80、183.75和298.52 nmol·m~(-2)·h~(-1),3种扩散通量均呈现出随着养殖时间推移显著增加的特征,风速和水体溶存N_2O是影响河口养殖塘N_2O扩散通量的重要因子.N_2O扩散通量与扩散系数的取值密切相关,但不同模型方程计算得出的扩散系数存在显著差异,比较发现,RC01模型更适合河口区养殖塘水-气界面N_2O扩散通量估算.本研究结果可为完善水产养殖生态系统的N_2O排放清单编制和近海水环境保护提供一定的科学依据.     

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell purge and fan control using a microcontroller

This study used Programmable System-on-Chip to make a fuel cell controller to manage the fuel cell operating environment. When a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is reacting, its performance is closely related to the operating conditions, such as temperature, water management, etc. This article investigates purge time interval control and the related characteristics. The controller developed in this study is free from additional power requirements, using only the power provided by the fuel cell.     

Exploring the perceptions of Malaysian Gen Z towards the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable development

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - COVID-19 has affected the pursuit of sustainable development in multifaceted ways; this study investigates Malaysian Gen Z perceptions of the COVID-19...     

毛竹枯梢病病原菌毒素的生物测定及成分研究

毛竹枯梢病病原菌培养液的不同浓度粗提液对高粱胚根抑制率明显大于对胚芽抑制率,胚根对毒素的敏感性大于胚芽对毒素的敏感性;在121℃加热15分钟,胰蛋白酶处理2hr后,培养滤液对胚根和胚芽的抑制作用与对照比较无差异;培养滤液及粗提液经过透析后,毒性显著降低,并且透析后的培养滤液对胚根已无抑制作用;通过α-萘酚反应、班乃德反应和茚三酮反应等化学测定和薄层层析进一步分析表明毒素为一种分子量较小、且含有葡萄糖和果糖或两者其一的还原性多糖。     

PM2.5在线水溶性离子与滤膜采集-实验室检测的比对分析

2014年1~12月,使用URG在线及滤膜采集-实验室分析两种方法对北京市大气细颗粒物PM_(2.5)中的水溶性离子进行检测,并对春、夏、秋、冬这4种不同季节下两种测量方法的差异性进行了比对研究.全年测量结果显示,在线URG所获离子总量高于滤膜采集所获离子总量,其中两种方法所测Cl~-、NO_3~-、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)年均浓度差异不大,而在线所测SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+、Na~+、K~+结果均明显高于滤膜测试结果.4种主要的水溶性离子中SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和Cl~-的相关性较好,NH_4~+相关性略差;不同季节两种测量方法所获结果也略有不同,NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl-在秋、冬季差异不显著,而NH_4~+仅在冬季拟合性较好.     

Catalytic removal of phenol from gas streams by perovskite-type catalysts

Three perovskite-type catalysts prepared by citric acid method are applied to remove phenol from gas streams with the total flow rate of 300 mL/min, corresponding to a GHSV of10,000/hr. LaMnO_3 catalyst is first prepared and further partially substituted with Sr and Cu to prepare La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and catalytic activities and fundamental characteristics of these three catalysts are compared. The results show that phenol removal efficiency achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 reaches 100% with the operating temperature of 200°C and the rate of mineralization at 300°C is up to 100%, while the phenol removal efficiencies achieved with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3 and LaMnO_3 are up to 100% with the operating temperature of 300°C and 400°C, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) analysis shows that the addition of Sr and Cu increases the lattice oxygen of La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3, and further increases mobility or availability of lattice oxygen. The results indicate that La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 has the best activity for phenol removal among three catalysts prepared and the catalytic activity of phenol oxidation is enhanced by the introduction of Sr and Cu into LaMnO_3. Apparent activation energy of 48 k J/mol is calculated by Mars–Van Krevelen Model for phenol oxidation with La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn_(0.8)Cu_(0.2)O_3 as catalyst.