Detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate and activated carbon mixtures

To better understand the detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube tests were carried out for AN/AC mixtures of various compositions and different forms of AN (powdered, prilled, phase stabilized and granular), and the detonation velocity was measured. The powdered AN/AC mixtures gave higher detonation velocities than the other AN forms. For all the AN/AC mixtures, the experimentally observed detonation velocities at each loading density were far below the theoretically predicted values calculated by the CHEETAH code based on thermohydrodynamics, exhibiting so-called non-ideal detonation. The lowest detonation velocity of powdered AN/AC mixtures was obtained as D=1.25 km/s for an AC content of 0.1 wt%. This was considered to be close to the critical condition for stable detonation.     

农业生态系统中杂草资源的可持续利用

杂草是农业生态系统中对农作物的生长和产量产生重要影响的伴生植物。杂草具有耐不良环境、生长快、繁殖力强等优良特性,是重要的生物资源。可利用杂草的优良基因作为农作物遗传改良的基因供体,利用其有用成分开发中医药,利用植物他感效应进行害虫生物防治,可开发成观赏植物,可作为先锋物种进行生态恢复、改良环境、促进养分循环、保护土壤微生物等。杂草的化学防除是导致杂草资源丧失的重要因素,寻找既利于杂草资源保护又不影响农作物生长的防除途径、杂草资源数据库的创建、杂草资源有益基因的发掘和开发利用,是杂草科学今后应加强的研究方向。