Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides residues in Angelica sinensis

Gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) was applied to the simultaneous determination of 15 organophosphorus and 6 organonitrogen pesticides residues in Angelica sinensis. The pesticides were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) techniques, respectively. The experimental variables were optimized through orthogonal array experimental design. Cleanup of extracts was performed with column chromatography using florisil and neutral aluminum as the sorbents. The determination of pesticides in the final extracts was carried out by GC-NPD. Under optimized conditions, the average recoveries obtained from MAE and UAE are in the range of 75.1–129% and 70.6–129%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations of MAE and UAE were 3.1–10.6% and 1.0–17.8%, respectively.     

钛铁矿造孔核桃壳基活性炭的制备及其吸附性能

以核桃壳为原料,钛铁矿为造孔剂,制备钛铁矿造孔核桃壳基活性炭。实验结果表明：在氯化锌浓度为3mol/L、碳化时间为40min、碳化温度为400℃、钛铁矿加入量为5%的条件下,制得的钛铁矿造孔核桃壳基活性炭对苯酚、碱性品红、Pb²⁺的吸附量分别达到了156.80,181.35,35.84mg/g,比核桃壳活性炭分别提高了25.84%,18.59%,19.10%;钛铁矿作为造孔剂制备活性炭,可以降低碳化温度和缩短碳化时间,且对活性炭中孔的形成起促进作用,有利于对大分子物质和重金属的吸附去除。     

硝化细菌对碘普罗胺的降解及作用机制

将富含硝化细菌的驯化污泥投放于培养基中,以碘普罗胺(IOPr)为处理对象,研究硝化细菌对IOPr的降解促进作用情况。结果表明,富集培养的硝化细菌能有效地促进IOPr的降解,最佳反应条件为:温度30℃,pH 8.0~8.5,初始投加浓度为10 mg/L,同时在硝化细菌存在条件下,IOPr的5 d降解率可达84.1%。IOPr的生物降解属于共代谢机制,向培养基中加入葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉和麦芽糖,可以显著提高IOPr的降解去除率;在投加500 mg/L葡萄糖作为外加碳源时,硝化细菌对IOPr的3 d降解率可达60.3%。     

基于DEA模型的太湖流域企业污水治理效率

运用数据包络分析DEA方法,建立了太湖殷村港流域工业园区企业污水治理效率评价体系,并利用该体系对园区内企业污水治理效率进行了实证研究。利用效率评价函数对园区内20家企业进行评价,结果表明,其中4家企业达到环境治理效率相对高效;20家企业的废水排放量、COD和NH3-N排放削减总量分别为3 691 860、217.53和14.64 t/a,削减潜力较大。实证研究结果表明,该环境绩效评价系统可为园区企业污水治理调控提出定量化的调整建议。     

改进碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料吸附硝基苯

以酸化碳纳米管(CNTs)强化聚氨酯泡沫(PUF),通过原位聚合法制备碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料(CPUF)。借助红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、热失重分析(TGA)和力学性能测试等方法研究和表征了CPUF复合材料的性能和结构。研究了用CPUF复合材料对人工模拟废水中硝基苯(NB)的吸附性能、影响因素及其再生后吸附效果。结果表明,CPUF复合材料对硝基苯具有较强的吸附能力,在p H=5.4、投加量为2 g/L、接触时间24 h的条件下,升高温度会降低CPUF复合材料的饱和吸附量,但会提高初始吸附速率,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,属于单分子吸附。饱和后的复合材料可采用简单热再生,再生后对NB的吸附能力没有明显下降。     

共振能量转移同步荧光猝灭法测定水体中孔雀石绿

采用L-半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸为稳定剂水相合成Cd Te量子点,且以Cd Te量子点为能量供体、孔雀石绿为能量受体建立荧光共振能量转移体系,从而实现孔雀石绿含量的同步荧光猝灭法测定。结果表明,当固定波长差为220 nm时,Cd Te量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于323 nm。在最优实验条件下,体系的同步荧光淬灭强度与孔雀石绿的浓度在0.5~10.0μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995,方法的检出限为10 nmol/L。该方法用于实际水样中孔雀石绿含量的测定,加标回收率为94%~105%。     

The association between maternal nonylphenol exposure and parity on neonatal birth weight: A cohort study in Taiwan

Background

The aim of this study was to explore the association between NP exposure and parity and their effect on neonatal birth weight.

Methods

A cohort of pregnant women was established in a medical center in North Taiwan. Urinary NP concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescent detection and adjusted using creatinine. A multivariable regression model was fit to determine the association between the maternal NP level in each trimester and neonatal birth weight. The odds ratios (ORs) of infant birth weight below the 10th, 25th, and 50th percentiles, comparing pregnant women with the different NP exposure levels, was estimated using a logistic regression.

Results

Of the 162 pregnant women in the study, 99 were multiparas and 63 were primiparas. After adjusting for other covariates, the NP level in the second trimester had a significant association with birth weight in the primiparas (β = −182.49 g, p value = 0.02). The OR of low infant birth weight, comparing pregnant women with different NP levels, was increased by decreasing the cutoff percentile for birth weight (OR = 1.18 for the 50th percentile, 2.12 for the 25th percentile, and 7.81 for the 10th percentile). The odds of primiparas with high NP level having a low neonatal birth weight increased to 3.87, 11.77, and 9.40 for the three different percentiles (p value < 0.05).

Conclusion

Maternal NP exposure level is associated with an increased risk of low neonatal weight. Primiparas are especially at risk, and the second trimester of pregnancy may be the critical stage of exposure.     

基于重力加载比例法的岩质边坡稳定性分析

根据岩质边坡的稳定性主要由边坡内部的结构面所控制的特点,采用有限元重力加载比例法对含有一组平行节理面和含两组节理面的岩质边坡进行数值模拟,分析表明:与强度折减法相比,采用有限元重力加载比例法能更加快速地计算出岩质边坡的安全系数,节省计算耗时和人工干预的工作量,并能通过塑性应变的发展分析其破坏过程,确定潜在的滑动面。     

青岛市大气环境质量状况分析与评价

对青岛市大气主要污染物变化趋势进行了分析,并利用模糊综合评价模型对各年大气环境质量状况进行了综合评价。研究结果表明:近10年来青岛市大气环境质量处于尚清洁状况,且在不断改善;受工业扬尘和建筑扬尘影响,青岛市主要污染物是可吸入颗粒物PM10;以煤炭为主的能源结构加之落后的工艺设备等原因使得大气中二氧化硫浓度一直处于较高水平;随着青岛市机动车保有量的增长,以氮氧化物为特征的机动车尾气污染日趋明显,因此,冬季采暖燃煤利用、机动车尾气控制及城市扬尘抑制仍是青岛市未来大气污染的治理重点,强化燃煤脱硫技术和改善机动车尾气排放是青岛市大气环境质量改善的关键。