石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体的研究进展及其潜在风险

石墨烯作为一种新兴的二维碳纳米材料,近年来受到了医学领域科学家的高度关注。由于石墨烯类纳米材料具有较大的比表面积,易于表面修饰等优点,目前在药物载体方面的研究发展迅速。随着纳米技术的发展,除了氧化石墨烯外,进一步将还原氧化石墨烯、石墨烯量子点、石墨烯纳米带等石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体应用到医学领域。本文综述了石墨烯类纳米材料作为药物载体在医学领域的研究进展,并从石墨烯类纳米材料的相关毒性研究角度,提醒了人们负载药物前后石墨烯类纳米材料的迁移规律对其潜在风险研究的重要性。     

Improving land use inference by factorizing mobile phone call activity matrix

Land use is shaped by human activities. Traditional methods of measuring land uses (e.g. surveys and remote sensing techniques) often have difficulties in capturing human activities. The near-ubiquitous coverage of mobile phones opens up a new way to investigate land use through human activities. We propose to analyze land use by characterizing human activity patterns based on the aggregated call volume, and apply non-negative matrix factorization to identify fundamental behavioral classes. Using tower-based call data from Dakar, Senegal, we discover two fundamental land use patterns: commercial/business/industrial (C/B/I) and residential. Then, the land use of the reception area of each cell tower can be inferred based on the weights obtained for each basis vector. To evaluate the proposed approach, the results are compared with two points-of-interest (POI) data sets obtained from OpenStreetMap and Facebook’s Graph API. We have found that a majority of POIs like embassies, offices, and hotels are located in the predicted C/B/I areas; specifically, there is a strong positive correlation between estimated land use weights and the number of related POIs. Furthermore, we have shown analyzing 24-h call pattern matrix can track daily land use changes.     

基于“互联网＋”的海外员工健康管理 平台设计及应用

针对目前国内健康管理存在健康信息采集来源狭窄、健康指标数据利用效率低、信息化水平和功能与用户及社会发展不匹配等问题,设计开发了基于"互联网+"的海外油田员工健康管理信息化平台。通过运用互联网技术,使健康管理更加快捷化、流程化和规范化,实现了员工出国前健康体检、出国前健康评估和出国后健康监测的全业务流程在线管控,同时系统自动采集体检报告,形成完整的员工健康档案,提升了员工健康管理水平,为海外油田员工体检套餐优化、重点疾病防控和出国健康评估等提供了全面的数据决策依据。     

Mechanisms of photosynthetic inactivation on growth suppression of Microcystis aeruginosa under UV-C stress

This study aims to investigate the effects of UV-C irradiation on photosynthetic processes of Microcystis aeruginosa to unravel the mechanism(s) involved in how and in what ways UV-C mediates growth suppression and cellular recovery. Changes in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, photochemical efficiency, PS II core protein (D1) content, and the coding genes expressions were measured. The results indicate that UV-C doses at 20–200 mJ cm⁻² lead to rapid reduction in gene expression of both psbA (for D1) and cpc (for phycocyanin), but the suppression was short term and recoverable within 3 d of post-UV incubation. Conversely, UV-C doses at ?50 mJ cm⁻² could induce marked decline in photochemical efficiency (represented by the optimal PS II quantum yield, F_V/F_M, and the effective PS II quantum yield, Y) as well as decreases in D1 content and water soluble pigments (phycoerythrins, phycocyanins, allophycocyanins) in M. aeruginosa during the post UV-C incubation period. The results suggest that interruption of both the light energy harvesting apparatus (especially the water soluble pigments) and the photochemical process mainly accounted for the growth suppression effect in UV-C irradiated M. aeruginosa.     

Performance evaluation and application of surface-molecular-imprinted polymer-modified TiO2 nanotubes for the removal of estrogenic chemicals from secondary effluents

The removal of estrogenic chemicals during wastewater reclamation has been a great concern. Current advanced treatment processes are inefficient for the removal of estrogenic chemicals from secondary effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the coexistence of other pollutants with less environmental significance which are also removed simultaneously. The search for highly selective and low-cost removal methods is warranted. Therefore, surface-molecular-imprinted polymer-modified TiO₂ nanotube (S-MIP-TiO₂ NT) photocatalysts were fabricated, characterized, and tested for the removal of estrogenic pollutants from wastewater in this study for the first time. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies showed that the TiO₂ NTs (with an average diameter of 60 nm) were successfully imprinted with functional groups (i.e., carboxyl). The adsorption selectivity and photocatalytic activity of the S-MIP-TiO₂ NTs towards template compound (17β-estradiol, E2) were improved, compared with neat TiO₂ NTs. Interestingly, S-MIP-TiO₂ NTs exhibited higher adsorption intensity and photocatalytic selectivity at low concentrations (from 10 ng/L to 100 μg/L, as normal estrogenic chemical concentrations in secondary effluents) of E2 than that at high concentrations (from 10 to 1,000 mg/L). It was also found that some representative estrogenic chemicals and estrogenic activity could be selectively and rapidly removed from secondary effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants using S-MIP-TiO₂ NTs as photocatalysts. In addition, S-MIP-TiO₂ NT photocatalysts exhibited excellent regeneration characteristics. Photocatalytic treatment using S-MIP-TiO₂ NTs could be a promising approach for the effective removal of estrogenic chemicals from secondary effluents of municipal WWTPs.     

新疆某油区土壤污染状况研究

对新疆某油区的土壤污染状况进行研究,以期为石油开采区土壤生态环境保护与治理提供基础资料。通过对新疆某油区内的土壤环境状况调查发现,油田开发过程中产生的钻井废水、原油脱出水、井下作业废水、钻井废弃泥浆、钻井岩屑、污水处理厂污泥、罐底油泥是土壤污染的重要来源;该油区土壤受油田开发活动的影响,石油类、铬、总盐的含量升高,土壤有机质含量降低,pH趋于弱酸性。油气田开发项目应加强对污染物的管理,及时完善环保措施,并建立有效的环境管理制度,将油气田开发活动对环境的影响降到最低。     

N系列聚丙烯催化剂生产中含P含Ti高沸物的处理

通过水合、萃取、水洗等操作工艺对N系列催化剂生产过程中产生的含P含Ti高沸物进行处理。用去离子水回收含P含Ti高沸物中的TiCl4,形成TiCl4水溶液;采用萃取剂S(一种醇类物质)对TiCl4水溶液进行萃取净化;三次萃取后TiCl4水溶液中的ρ(P)和ρ(Mg)均小于50mg/L,达到厂家优级品要求。采用新工艺对含P含Ti高沸物进行无害化处理,与原工艺比较,每生产1t催化剂,可节省质量分数为40%的液碱约15t,减少废渣13t左右,减少废水20t以上。     

柴油机芳香烃类污染物的测量方法研究

采用活性炭吸附、溶剂解吸和气-质联用(GC-MS)分析的方法,对柴油机尾气中芳香烃污染物进行了定性、定量分析。实验结果表明,该方法能够减少柴油机尾气中其他颗粒相和气相有机成分的干扰,采样快速,灵敏度、准确度高;活性炭吸附管采样效率高,当采样流量为4 L/min、采集时间20 min时,不会出现芳香烃脱附现象;测量方法重复性较好,相对标准偏差低于6.5%,检出限为3~9μg/m3,回收率为87.5%~95.2%;该方法可用于测量柴油机燃用生物柴油和0号柴油尾气中芳香烃污染物。     

Ligninase-mediated transformation of 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE 15)

The structurally related hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) like hydroxylated 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether widely occur in precipitation, surface water, and biotic media. The origins of hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) are of particular interest due to their greater toxic potencies than the corresponding PBDEs. We studied the transformation behavior and products of 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE 15) mediated by lignin peroxidase (LiP), an extracellular enzyme that is produced by certain white rot fungus and is widely present in the natural environment. We found that BDE 15 can be effectively transformed through the reaction mediated by LiP, and two different mono-OH-dibromodiphenyl ethers were identified by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS/MS. In particular, we compared the reaction behavior for systems variously containing natural organic matter (NOM) and/or veratryl alcohol (VA), a metabolite that certain fungus produces along with LiP in nature. It was found that the VA’s enhancement effect on LiP performance was impaired by the presence of NOM. The findings in this study provide useful information for better understanding the origins of OH-PBDEs found in the environment.     

The Research of Simulating Transportation Vibration Test Method based on Typical Road Spectrum

针对深圳某一路段使用美国Lansmont公司开发的SAVER环境应力记录仪记录汽车运输过程中的环境应力,利用相关处理软件整理分析数据,最后在实验室中的通过电磁振动台的随机振动模式来进行模拟重现从而实现“Field to lab”.该方法用短时间的实验室内试验来代替长时间的实际运输过程,不仅绿色环保,而且省时省力,是一种值得推广的试验方法.