Simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethriod pesticide residues in the Chinese patent medicines by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple, sensitive, reliable method was developed for the simultaneous determination of organochlorine and pyrethriod pesticide residues in Chinese patent medicines Six ingredient rehmannia pills and Xiaoyao pills. These pesticides were extracted by ethyl acetate. The extraction time and volume of ethyl acetate were optimized. Cleanup of extracts was performed with dispersive-solid phase extraction using graphitized carbon black as the sorbent. The determination of pesticides in the final extracts was carried out by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode (GC-MS/MS, MRM). The linearity of the calibration curves is good in matrix-matched standard and yields the coefficients of determination (R²) ≥0.99 for all of the target analytes. Under optimized conditions, the average recoveries (five replicates) for most pesticides range from 75.5% to 114.6%, and RSDs are less than 10.0%. The LODs of 18 pesticides in Six ingredient rehmannia pill and Xiaoyao pills are in the range of 0.01–8.82 μg kg^?1. The developed method meets the requirements of pesticide residue analysis and could be effectively used for routine analysis of the organochlorine and pyrethriod pesticide residues in Six ingredient rehmannia pills and Xiaoyao pills.     

Predicting Pesticide Volatility Through Coupled Above- and Belowground Multiphysics Modeling

Pesticides are applied to agricultural fields to control unwanted pests but can volatilize and be transported downwind by wind currents to create the potential for non-target organism exposure. Volatilization rates change through the growing season due to pesticide application timing, meteorological differences, and the differential flux rates from soil and vegetation matrices. Field studies quantifying pesticide volatility are expensive and cannot capture the semi-infinite parameter combinations of soil, crop, management, and meteorological conditions encountered under regional agronomic practices. A numerical approach was used to simulate pesticide dissipation above- and belowground to augment field and laboratory experimental observations. Above- and belowground physics are coupled into a single numerical tool using the COMSOL Multiphysics® software package with the current emphasis on pesticide volatility into air from soil and vegetation and resulting near field neighboring air concentrations. Comparison of simulation results against experimental observations for an insecticide (chlorpyrifos) applied to potato and alfalfa fields shows good agreement (R² 0.68–0.98). Chlorpyrifos volatility from plant surfaces drives the overall volatility within the first several days post application. The maximum volatility flux rate simulated and observed were 0.79 and 0.66 μg m^?2 s^?1 for the alfalfa trial and 2.72 and 2.17 μg m^?2 s^?1 for the potato field, respectively. This coupled multiphysics tool [computational fluid dynamics (CFD), mass transfer coefficients, and variably saturated flow in soil] can be used to estimate volatility flux rates of pesticides when little or no prior knowledge is available and for extrapolating field study observations to different and diverse scenarios.     

基于NSGA-II的工业区急救点优化布局研究

针对工业区急救点布局存在的问题,综合考虑多种影响因素,建立多目标多约束数学模型.将成本、急救时间和急救点数量作为3个优化目标,并根据实际情况构建相应的约束条件.运用NSGA-II(带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法)解决多目标优化问题,最终得到一系列Pareto最优解,其解空间分布均匀,并且具有良好的收敛性和鲁棒性.文章结合某工业区急救点优化问题对算法进行验证,结果与实际情况匹配良好,此研究具有重要的现实意义.     

四氯乙烯急性吸入毒性的分类回归分析

根据毒理学试验数据讨论四氯乙烯急性吸入毒性的剂量-反应关系.首先总结了有关四氯乙烯急性暴露的毒理学试验数据,并利用分类回归的方法,得出了小鼠、大鼠与人类暴露于四氯乙烯时,暴露时间、暴露浓度与健康后果之间的关系,同时分析了不同受试动物的种间差异.结果表明,健康效应的发生概率随暴露浓度和时间的增大而增大,而当暴露浓度达到某一值的时候,健康后果的发生概率不再随浓度变化而变化,将这一浓度视为饱和浓度;不利效应(AE)对应的饱和浓度要低于剧烈效应(SE),且暴露时间越长,饱和浓度则越低,同时饱和浓度随受试动物的不同而变化,人类的饱和浓度最低,大鼠的则最高.     

华北型煤田岩溶陷落柱导水性研究

岩溶陷落柱在华北型煤田广泛发育和分布。本文研究了华北型煤田岩溶陷落柱的导水类型、导水条件及突水规律特点。这对华北型煤田煤矿安全生产有重要意义。     

ZIC—ⅡA型离子色谱的分析条件选择

ZIC- A型离子色谱仪中淋洗液的浓度和 p H值对分析结果有很大影响 ,实验证明选择适当的淋洗液浓度和 p H值 ,既可改善分离效果 ,又能缩短分析时间 ,提高仪器的灵敏度。     

PADHI在LNG储罐周边土地规划决策中的应用

探讨英国健康安全委员会(HSE)推荐的危险设施周边发展规划建议(Planning Advice for Developments near Hazardous Installations,PADHI)的具体分析步骤,从个人风险角度对LNG储罐进行风险分析.通过LNG储罐案例分析PADHI方法的适用性,并给出LNG储罐周边土地的规划建议.案例分析表明,需搬迁或重新规划居民区C,而储罐周边的工业厂房、高速公路、居民区D的选址合理.研究表明,PADHI适用于工业危险源周边土地的规划,为解决重大危险设施周边土地规划等问题提供了参考,具有重要现实意义.     

危险品区多米诺效应的风险分析

根据多米诺效应的特点,提出了一种针对危险品区域的多米诺效应的风险分析方法.通过多米诺效应事故场景的辨识、设备的概率损坏模型和多米诺分析技术,分析区域内所有危险设备的多米诺效应风险指数和设备在多米诺事故链中的传播作用,定量分析多米诺事故后果.通过该方法可以得到区域内设备的多米诺效应风险指数和多米诺事故的后果风险.通过该方法可建立起区域的安全防范措施,从而有效预防潜在的多米诺效应,降低事故风险.     

Antibiotic effect of exogenously applied salicylic acid on in vitro soilborne pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum

Salicylic acid, which is biosynthesized inside plant and is often found and accumulated in soil due to plant debris decaying, is considered as a signaling substance during plant-microbe interactions. It is involved in the cycling of biogeochemistry and related to plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. The antibiotic effect of salicylic acid on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum (FON) was studied to investigate the relationships between the salicylic acid and the fungus in the ecological interaction of plant-microbe. Results showed that the biomass, colony diameter, number of conidium germination and conidium production of FON were decreased by 52.0%, 25.7%, 100% and 100% at concentrations of 800 mg L(-1). However, mycotoxin yield was increased by 233%, pectinase activity raised by 168.0% and cellulase activity increased by 1325% compared to control at higher concentrations. It was concluded that salicylic acid as an allelochemical greatly inhibited FON growth and conidia formation and germination, though stimulated mycotoxin production and activities of hydrolytic enzymes by FON.     

磷钨酸催化合成混合二元酸二丁酯

采用混合二元酸和正丁醇为原料,以自制磷钨酸为催化剂,甲苯为带水剂,合成了混合二元酸二丁酯.通过均匀设计和单因素实验研究得到混合二元酸二丁酯合成的最佳工艺条件:n(正丁醇):n(混合二元酸)为3.0,催化剂与混合二元酸的质量比为2.2%,甲苯在反应体系中的质量分数为22%,反应时间为2.0 h.在最佳工艺条件下反应的酯化率为99.44%.