陇东油田井场油泥微生物处理应用

为解决石油开采及油井措施作业过程中原油散落井场产生油泥,污染井场周围土壤、水体、空气的现状,文章介绍了一种针对生态环境脆弱的陇东油田井场油泥微生物处理技术,可以实现对井场油泥环保、经济、有效处理。     

环境战略的新发展

论文指出,环境战略从环境领域延伸到经济社会领域,将发展下环境作为一个整体对待,环境战略重点从污染防治转向资源和生态系统的保护,污染防治从尾端治理转向发展清洁生产,即从产业规划、产品规划,技术和工艺开发,产品设计,废物的综合利用和合理处理实行全过程的管理;从发展经济消除贫困寻求保护生态环境的正确道路,切断“贫困－过度开发自然资源－生态环境恶化－自然灾害加剧－更加贫困”的恶性循环,中国环境战略应与全球     

城市交通诱发地面振动测试时域分析

针对日益严重的城市交通所引起的环境振动问题,主要基于广州火车站附近高架路诱发沿线地面振动的现场实测,并包括动车组通过时的测试,通过对实测数据进行深入分析,总结出高架路诱发环境振地的传播规律,在最小二乘准则条件下,提出了更加符合环境振动实际传播特征的衰减经验公式。分析结果表明:竖向振动幅值高出水平向较多,在评价环境振动时,应以竖向振动为主;高架路诱发环境振动和动车组诱发环境振动均呈现脉冲响应特征;高架路诱发环境振动随距桥墩距离增加,脉冲响应特征快速消失,而动车组诱发环境振动的这个特征则相对不明显;存在局部振动放大区域;相比传统经验衰减公式,本文提出的环境振动经验衰减公式更能反映实际环境振动波的传播特点。     

Effects of La3+, Ce3+ on nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactor

Batch experiments were conducted to study the short-term biological effects of rare earth ions (La³⁺, Ce³⁺) and their mixture on the nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The data showed that higher NH₄ ⁺-N removal rate, total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency, and denitrification efficiency were achieved at lower concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) (<1 mg/L). In the first hour of the aeration stage of SBR, the presence of REEs increased the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency and NH₄ ⁺-N removal efficiency by 15.7% and 10%–15%, respectively. When the concentrations of REEs were higher than 1 mg/L, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency decreased, and nitrate was found to accumulate in the effluent. When the concentrations of REEs was up to 50.0 mg/L, the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency was less than 30% of the control efficiency with a high level of nitrate. Lower concentrations of REEs were found to accelerate the nitrogen conversion and removal in SBR.     

华南地区春季冷锋云系中污染物的输送

研究了华南春季冷锋云系中污染物的三维输送和酸沉降特点.该地区低空经常存在一个稳定的逆温层结构,且混合层顶也较低,有利于污染物在层内聚集.冷锋南下时,锋前上升气流把原稳定层中的污染物抬升并送入云内,形成“逆温层内累积——被锋面抬升——高空平流输送——湿沉降到地面”的循环.一个地方排放的污染物可以造成其周围几百公里范围内云和降水的酸化.轨迹烟团模式计算的结果也表明,即使在冷锋的北来气流作用下,本地源的影响仍是主要的.     

广东、广西地区酸沉降统计模式的研究

介绍了两广地区酸沉降模式,该模式的基础是定常欧拉型酸沉降模式,其中包括硫污染物的人工排放源,扩散输送,化学转化和干湿沉降,对全年120天气象资料进行计算和平均以后,得到广东、广西地区硫沉降的基本图象.从模式计算的结果可以看出,在目前低空排放(排放源在300m以下)的条件下,城市污染源排放的硫污染物的输送范围约10~2km量级、污染物的浓度及干湿沉降量都有显著的非均匀分布.     

复杂电磁环境仿真软件中的电磁态势显示计算技术研究

在复杂电磁环境仿真软件中,电磁态势显示是一个重要的功能,而传统的单PC机仿真软件很难满足电磁态势显示大数据量和高计算精度的要求。从分布式计算以及接收区域模型化两个方面对传统的射线追踪算法加以改进,使其更加适合电磁态势仿真场景,以达到提升仿真效率的目的。     

氨氮自动水质监测与纳氏试剂法比对研究

通过对地表水样几种前处理方法的研究,找出一种适用、有效的监测方法,使得JAWA-1005氨氮水质自动仪与纳氏试剂分光光度法比对测定结果相对误差在允许的范围内,从而使水质自动监测与纳氏试剂分光光度法测定结果具有相同的精密度和准确度。     

Extruded Cornstarch-Glycerol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends: Mechanical Properties, Morphology, and Biodegradability

Elongation properties of extruded cornstarch were improved by blending with glycerol. Further blending of starch-glycerol with polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) resulted in significant improvements in both tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break. Samples of starch-glycerol without PVOH equilibrated at 50% relative humidity had a TS of 1.8 MPa and elongation of 113%, whereas those containing PVOH had a TS and elongation of 4 MPa and 150%, respectively. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of starch-glycerol-PVOH blends showed that decreases in glass transition temperatures (T _g values) were proportional to glycerol content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fractured surfaces revealed numerous cracks in starch-glycerol (80:20) samples. Cracks were absent in starch-glycerol (70:30) samples. In both blends, many starch granules were exposed at the surface. No exposed starch granules were visible in blends with added PVOH. Starch-glycerol samples incubated in compost lost up to 70% of their dry weight within 22 days. Addition of PVOH lowered both the rate and extent of biodegradation.     

Fast and reversible adsorption for dibenzothiophene in fuel oils with metallic nano-copper supported on mesoporous silica

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dibenzothiophene (DBT) in fuel oils causes the release of toxic sulfur oxide gases, and it is necessary to remove DBT in fuels. Herein, metallic...