基于生活质量指数的风险社会可接受性研究

风险的社会可接受性是风险管理的重要环节,文章从社会公众的角度出发,将风险可接受性看成一个社会事件,基于社会核心指标:人均国民生产总值GDP,人的寿命期望以及人们用来享受健康生活的时间,给出了生活质量指数的概念。利用该指数,结合净收益原则可以确定社会对于安全投入的支付意愿值,即,给出了一个定量的费用支出水平,超过该水平的安全投入就是不合理的。该方法可为评估风险减缓措施的有效性提供依据。     

火球热辐射后果计算动态模型的应用

为了精确地评估火球的热辐射后果,需要深入研究火球热负荷对影响区域暴露人员所造成的伤害.详细介绍了具有时间属性的火球热辐射动态模型,以实例描绘了火球直径、高度以及目标接受到的热通量等火球参数的动态变化规律.结果表明:具有时间属性的火球热辐射动态模型计算出的热辐射值小于静态模型计算的值,动态模型有可能更准确地描述火球参数的实际动态变化,进而合理地确定火球热辐射的人员伤亡区域,并为过热可燃液体容器的安全设计及风险分析提供一种新的后果评估技术及方法.     

炼化企业应急响应系统建设探讨

从系统建设角度讨论了炼化企业应急响应系统的目标需求、建设内容、技术方法和系统特点。     

突发事件应急资源管理应考虑的几个问题

在进行突发事件应急处置时,需要迅速地将应急资源运送到指定地点,否则,可能会贻误战机,造成更大的影响和损失。应急资源的选址、配置、调度和补充是应急资源管理中应考虑的几个重要因素,它直接影响到应对突发事件的时效性,是应急管理中的主要决策问题之一。     

突发环境污染事故应急管理系统研究进展

突发环境污染事故应急管理系统被认为是应对事故的一种非常有前景的方法。本文讨论了构建该类系统的现实需求,并根据其关键模块所采用的技术,分类别地介绍了现有的突发环境污染事故应惠管理系统的开发情况和服务内容。在此基础上,指出了该领域尚未解决的问题,并对今后的研究前景进行了展望。     

地震作用下三维抗滑桩加固土质边坡稳定性分析∗

基于三维抗滑桩加固边坡稳定性极限分析法,采用拟静力法分别对水平地震作用和竖向地震作用下的三维抗滑桩加固边坡稳定性进行了分析,得到以下结论:在水平地震力作用下,边坡的三维效应(限制宽度B/H)对抗滑桩的最有效位置几乎没有影响,但在较大水平地震强度下,最有效的桩位置更靠近边坡顶部;竖向地震力方向向下时(kv0),竖向地震强度绝对值|kv|越大,边坡临界滑动面会变浅,坡顶的破坏区域变小,最有效的桩位置随宽高比B/H的减小而越来越远离坡顶,但当竖向地震力方向向上时(kv0),竖向地震强度绝对值|kv|越大,边坡临界滑动面会变深,坡顶的破坏区域变大,最有效的桩位置随宽高比B/H的减小而越来越接近坡顶,并且三维边坡的安全系数要远大于二维解。     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性,最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准.     

Quantification of energy related industrial eco-efficiency of China

Improving eco-efficiency is propitious for saving resources and reducing emissions, and has become a popular route to sustainable development. We define two energy-related eco-efficiencies: energy efficiency (ENE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-related eco-efficiency (GEE) using energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions as the environmental impacts. Using statistical data, we analyze China’s energy consumption and GHG emissions by industrial subsystem and sector, and estimate the ENE and GEE values for China in 2007 as 4.871×10⁷ US/PJ and 4.26×10 < sup > 8 < /sup > US/PJ and 4.26×10⁸ US/TgCO₂eq, respectively. Industry is the primary contributing subsystem of China’s economy, contributing 45.2% to the total economic production, using 79.6% of the energy consumed, and generating 91.4% of the total GHG emissions. We distinguish the individual contributions of the 39 industrial sectors to the national economy, overall energy consumption, and GHG emissions, and estimate their energyrelated eco-efficiencies. The results show that although ferrous metal production contributes only 3.5% to the national industrial economy, it consumes the most industrial energy (20% of total), contributes 16% to the total industrial global warming potential (GWP), and ranks third in GHG emissions. The power and heat sector ranks first in GHG emissions and contributes one-third of the total industrial GWP, although it only consumes about 8% of total industrial energy and, like ferrous metal production, contributes 3.5% to the national economy. The ENE of the ferrous metal and power and heat sectors are only 8 and 2.1×10⁷ US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10 < sup > 4 < /sup > US/PJ, while the GEE for these two sectors are 9 and 4×10⁴ US/GgCO₂eq, respectively; these are nearly the lowest ENE and GEE values among all 39 industry sectors. Finally, we discuss the possibility of ecoefficiency improvement through a comparison with other countries.     

Atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China: A review and outlook

Accurate monitoring of the atmospheric environment and its evolution are important for understanding the sources, chemical mechanisms, and transport processes of air pollution and carbon emissions in China, and for regulatory and control purposes. This study gives an overview of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment in China and summarizes the major achievements obtained in recent years. China has made great progress in the development of atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment with decades of effort. The manufacturing level of atmospheric environment monitoring equipment and the quality of products have steadily improved, and a technical & production system that can meet the requirements of routine monitoring activities has been initiated. It is expected that domestic atmospheric environment monitoring technology and equipment will be able to meet future demands for routine monitoring activities in China and provide scientific assistance for addressing air pollution problems.     

Key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents in China

Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment. The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property. This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort, China has made significant progress in em...