Synthesis of a highly recoverable 3D MnO2/rGO hybrid aerogel for efficient adsorptive separation of pharmaceutical residue

Water contamination by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen, is an emerging ecological concern. In this study, a new three-dimensional manganese dioxide-engrafted reduced graphene oxide (3D MnO₂/rGO) hybrid aerogel was developed for acetaminophen sequestration. The synthesis involved firstly the self-assembly of GO aerogel, followed by thermal reduction and in-situ MnO₂ growth by redox-reaction. The aerogel demonstrated interlinked planes with smooth surfaces deposited with MnO₂ nanospheres and pores of 138.4 – 235.3 µm width. The influences of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, acetaminophen concentration, temperature and contact time were investigated. It was determined that the adsorption of acetaminophen occurred on uniform sorption sites in the aerogel, as suggested by the best fit of data to the Langmuir isotherm, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 252.87 mg/g. This highest adsorption performance of the 3D MnO₂/rGO aerogel was attained at a dosage of 0.6 g/L, initial pH of 6.2 and temperature of 40°C. The process kinetics were in-line with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics at 10 and 20 – 500 mg/L concentrations, respectively. Thermodynamic assay showed the spontaneity and endothermicity features of the 3D MnO₂/rGO-acetaminophen system. The acetaminophen adsorption mechanisms were mainly hydrogen bonding and pore entrapment. Moreover, the as-synthesised aerogel was effectively regenerated using acetone and re-utilised in four adsorption-desorption cycles. Overall, the results highly recommend the implementation of the 3D MnO₂/rGO hybrid aerogel for purification of wastewater polluted by acetaminophen residue.     

Investigation of fluorescence characterization and electrochemical behavior on the catalysts of nanosized Pt-Rh/γ-Al2O3 to oxidize gaseous ammonia

This work describes the environmentally friendly technology for oxidation of ammonia (NH₃) to form nitrogen at temperatures range from 423K to 673K by selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) over a nanosized Pt-Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method of hexachloroplatinic acid (H₂PtCl₆) and rhodium (III) nitrate (Rh(NO₃)₃) with γ-Al₂O₃ in a tubular fixed-bed flow quartz reactor (TFBR). The characterization of catalysts were thoroughly measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), threedimensional excitation-emission fluorescent matrix (EEFM) spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption, dynamic lightscattering (DLS), zeta potential meter, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results demonstrated that at a temperature of 673K and an oxygen content of 4%, approximately 99% of the NH₃ was removed by catalytic oxidation over the nanosized Pt-Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. N₂ was the main product in NH₃-SCO process. Further, it reveals that the oxidation of NH₃ was proceeds by the over-oxidation of NH₃ into NO, which was conversely reacted with the NH₃ to yield N₂. Therefore, the application of nanosized Pt-Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst can significantly enhance the catalytic activity toward NH₃ oxidation. One fluorescent peak for fresh catalyst was different with that of exhausted catalyst. It indicates that EEFM spectroscopy was proven to be an appropriate and effective method to characterize the Pt clusters in intrinsic emission from nanosized Pt-Rh/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst. Results obtained from the CV may explain the significant catalytic activity of the catalysts.     

Treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater by electrocoagulation: system performances and sludge settling characteristics

Treatment of copper chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) wastewater from a semiconductor plant by electrocoagulation is investigated. The CMP wastewater was characterized by high suspended solids (SS) content, high turbidity (NTU), chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration up to 500 mgl(-1) and copper concentration up to 100 mgl(-1). In the present study, electrocoagulation was employed to treat the CMP wastewater with an attempt to simultaneously lower its turbidity, copper and COD concentrations. The test results indicated that electrocoagulation with Al/Fe electrode pair was very efficient and able to achieve 99% copper ion and 96.5% turbidity removal in less than 30 min. The COD removal obtained in the treatment was better than 85%, with an effluent COD below 100 mgl(-1). The effluent wastewater was very clear and its quality exceeded the direct discharge standard. In addition, sludge settling velocities after electrocoagulation were measured and the data were employed to verify the empirical sludge settling velocity models. Finally, the sludge settling characteristic data were also utilized to establish the relation between the solids flux (G) and the initial solids concentration.     

Tributyltin distribution in the coastal environment of Peninsular Malaysia

The occurrence of tributyltin (TBT) is reported in the coastal waters of a few selected sites in Peninsular Malaysia. Water, bivalves and sediment samples collected were analysed specifically for TBT using sensitive analytical methods which involved a solvent extraction procedure with appropriate clean-up followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric measurements. The levels of TBT in the seawater in unexposed areas were found in the range from <3.4 to 20 ng litre(-1) as compared to coastal areas with high boat and ship activities where TBT levels in seawater were generally above 30 ng litre(-1), with the highest level found at 281.8 ng litre(-1). TBT levels in the tissues of random cockle and soft-shell clam samples from local markets were found in the range from <0.5 to 3.7 ng g(-1) wet weight. The levels of TBT found in green mussel samples both from the market (23.5 ng g(-1) wet weight) and those from a mussel farm (14.2 ng g(-1) wet weight) indicate slight accumulation of TBT. In sediments, TBT levels were found ranging from <0.7 ng g(-1) dry weight in unexposed coastal sites to as high as 216.5 ng g(-1) dry weight for a site within a port area.     

用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化法处理含油污水

通过对耐盐微生物的驯化培养,采用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化工艺,对一定矿化度条件下含油污水进行了处理。试验证明,在矿化度为2～5g/L时,利用耐盐驯化的微生物,采用水解酸化-好氧接触氧化工艺处理污水,CODcr去除率可达80%以上。该系统运行稳定,运行成本较低。     

直角拐弯通道中空气冲击波的传播及数值模拟

针对地下通道中空气冲击波的传播,通过试验研究,得到了空气冲击波在直角拐弯通道中传播的衰减系数.同时,应用流体网格法进行了数值模拟,获得了通道直角拐弯前后空气冲击波传播的波形图和流场图.并将两方面的研究成果进行了对比,证明了试验和数值研究方法及研究成果的一致性.     

辽宁大伙房水库上游地区景观格局分析

以遥感影像作为基本信息源，在GLS的支持下，建立空间信息库，采用景观生态学研究方法，选取斑块大小，分维数，景观破碎度和景观优势度，均匀性，多样性指数等指标。对大伙房上游地区景观格局进行了分析。研究区内景观空间格局基本构型以森林为主的景观结构，景观生态体系功能状况较好。     

放射性核素在海水、底质及海洋生物间的转移--Ⅲ.核素在生物体内分布的生态学意义

本文是放射性核素在海水、底质及海洋生物间转移规律研究的第三部分,着重研究~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co、~(59)Fe、~(54)Mn在毛蚶、文蛤、对虾、罗非鱼各主要组织器官中的分布,并计算各自的富集系数,同时也考察了各种核素在生物各个组织器官中的排出、在底质中的解吸作用以及生物再利用的过程.结果表明肠道和内脏对核素的富集量高,排出也快;外壳、鳃甚至肌肉对核素的富集量低,排出也慢.文中着重讨论了肠道、外壳、鳃在不同情况下成为生物体参与外界环境核素循环主要通道的生态学意义.     

花园城市建设中的绿地系统问题研究——以南昌市为例

分析了南昌市绿化的地理背景、存在的差距和主要问题。从重建城市生态及完善城市防灾体系的角度，因地制宜地提出了发展特色鲜明的城市绿地系统的相应对策与措施。     

放射性核素在海水、底质及海洋生物间的转移--Ⅱ.生物过程的作用

本实验把扁藻、三角褐指藻、文蛤、毛蚶、对虾、罗非鱼等海洋生物引入人工水池小生境后,研究~(137)Cs、~(134)Cs、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co、~(59)Fe、~(54)Mn等核素在这一体系中行为的变化.结果表明,引入扁藻.三角褐指藻后,首先改变了~(54)Mn的存在状态,使其不易富集在藻体上;引入实验动物一个月后,并没有减少原先浮游藻类、底质对核素的吸附,但水体中相当部分的~(54)Mn、~(60)Co已转移至动物体中,池底粪粒沉淀物中的~(54)Mn、~(65)Zn、~(60)Co、~(59)Fe的含量也相当高,从而大大改变了核素在人工水池小生境中的转移规律.