巢湖流域产业结构与水污染程度的关系研究——基于灰色关联分析法

采用灰色关联法研究了巢湖流域产业结构与水污染之间的关系,查找分析对巢湖水质影响较大的行业,以期为巢湖水污染治理提供新思路.通过分析2001-2006年合肥市和巢湖市产业结构,表明合肥市在工业方面的电力、食品、冶金等行业对水污染影响较大;巢湖市对水污染的影响更多体现在牧业、渔业.因此,巢湖流域应加大产业结构调整,优化升级第一、第二产业内部结构,大力发展第三产业,以保护流域内水资源环境,促进流域区域经济社会可持续发展.     

生态产业园区发展模式研究——基于食物链类型的分析

生态产业园区是循环经济在区域层面的实践模式,是园区可持续发展的方向和趋势.基于自然生态系统食物链类型,分析了产业生态系统的资源利用方式以及成员间的相互关系,尝试性地提出适合我国生态产业园区发展的3种典型模式:牧食型生态产业园区、寄生型生态产业园区和腐生型生态产业园区.以合肥市为例,对生态产业园区发展模式选择和产业生态链构建进行了具体分析.     

臭氧/ 生物活性炭深度处理循环养殖废水

随着工厂化循环水养殖的不断发展,高浓度循环养殖废水对环境污染日益严重.为实现环境友好和资源节约,采用臭氧/生物活性炭对循环养殖废水进行深度处理中试研究.实验结果表明,臭氧化臭氧最佳投加量为4 mg/L,显著增强水体的可生化性,使TOC(总有机碳)/UV254(在波长为254 nm处的单位比色皿光程下的紫外吸光度)提高80%.臭氧/生物活性炭对循环养殖废水中的有机物和氨氮具有良好的去除效果.臭氧/生物活性炭对TOC、高锰酸盐指数和UV254的最终去除率比生物活性炭分别高11.9%、13.4%和6.5%.臭氧/生物活性炭和生物活性炭对氨氮的最终去除率分别为96.0%、90.7%.     

Emissions of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from motor vehicles

Continuous on-site measurements of 50 speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were conducted in downtown Guangzhou to characterize the sources and concentration profiles of ambient VOCs. The synchronicity in diurnal variation between the VOCs and NO suggests that traffic emissions were responsible for the observed VOCs in downtown Guangzhou.It was found that the three major constituent species of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), i.e., propane, iso-butane, and n-butane, together termed LPG alkanes, contributed, on average, 24% of the total VOCs (TVOCs). Their high correlation and synchronized diurnal variations between NO and the LPG alkanes suggest that their origin lies in LPG fueled car exhaust in Guangzhou. LPG buses and taxis were likely to be responsible for the bulk of ambient LPG species. Using propane and 3-methyl pentane (3MC5A) as the indicators for the LPG and gasoline emissions, respectively, the emissions of the LPG fleet were found to increase more than those of the gasoline fleet during the morning and evening rush hours, as well the noontime break in downtown Guangzhou.Although LPG alkanes account for 24% of the TVOC, their contribution to the total ozone forming potential (OFP) is only about 7%. Ethylene and propylene contribute about 26% to the total OFP despite their lower contribution of 16% to the TVOC.     

一种新型聚合物分散剂的制备及表征

以甲基丙烯酸和丙烯磺酸钠为单体、过硫酸铵溶液为引发剂合成聚合物分散剂（PMS）。最佳合成条件：单体总质量为60g,甲基丙烯酸和丙烯磺酸钠的摩尔比为3．0,过硫酸铵溶液加入量为12g,亚硫酸氢钠加入最为1g,反应温度为75℃。对最佳条件下制得的PMS进行应用实验,当100g陶瓷氧化铝粉末中PMS加入量为0．5g时,浆料的黏度较小,分散效果良好。PMS属于非品态聚合物,热稳定性良好,相对分子质量为2127。     

南四湖表层底泥磷的化学形态及其释放规律

对南四湖8组表层底泥样品中的总磷及6组样品磷的化学形态进行了测试,同时,进行了不同的温度、pH及扰动条件下底泥磷释放实验。结果表明:表层底泥中总磷含量较高,0.801～1.483mg/g,其中,南阳湖和独山湖河流入湖口附近总磷含量高;磷主要以铁结合态磷Fe-P存在,含量0.745～1.332mg/g,占总磷TP的89.81%～95.48%,铝结合态磷Al-P含量为0.3781～1.0046μg/g,占TP的0.042%～0.088%,碎屑态磷Ca-P含量为6.6439～72.1862μg/g,占TP的0.582%～4.868%,闭蓄态磷Oc-P含量为0.6914～3.2624μg/g,占TP的0.042%～0.332%,交换态磷Ex-P,含量为4.7541～19.3843μg/g,占TP的0.321%～1.049%。有机磷Or-P含量在0.5869～9.2546μg/g,只占TP含量的0.057%～0.811%。南四湖表层底泥中无机磷占绝对优势,说明南四湖底泥主要以无机相沉积,因此底泥中的磷极易释放进入水相。磷释放与多种因素有关,释放实验表明,温度的升高和扰动作用有利于底泥磷的释放,酸性条件下底泥磷的释放量要大于碱性条件。     

Machine learning and computational chemistry to improve biochar fertilizers: a review

Traditional fertilizers are highly inefficient, with a major loss of nutrients and associated pollution. Alternatively, biochar loaded with phosphorous is a sustainable fertilizer that improves soil structure, stores carbon in soils, and provides plant nutrients in the long run, yet most biochars are not optimal because mechanisms ruling biochar properties are poorly known. This issue can be solved by recent developments in machine learning and computational chemistry. Here we review phosphorus-loaded biochar with emphasis on computational chemistry, machine learning, organic acids, drawbacks of classical fertilizers, biochar production, phosphorus loading, and mechanisms of phosphorous release. Modeling techniques allow for deciphering the influence of individual variables on biochar, employing various supervised learning models tailored to different biochar types. Computational chemistry provides knowledge on factors that control phosphorus binding, e.g., the type of phosphorus compound, soil constituents, mineral surfaces, binding motifs, water, solution pH, and redox potential. Phosphorus release from biochar is controlled by coexisting anions, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial phosphorus concentration, and temperature. Pyrolysis temperatures below 600 °C enhance functional group retention, while temperatures below 450 °C increase plant-available phosphorus. Lower pH values promote phosphorus release, while higher pH values hinder it. Physical modifications, such as increasing surface area and pore volume, can maximize the adsorption capacity of phosphorus-loaded biochar. Furthermore, the type of organic acid affects phosphorus release, with low molecular weight organic acids being advantageous for soil utilization. Lastly, biochar-based fertilizers release nutrients 2–4 times slower than conventional fertilizers.

     

Utilisation of environmentally friendly okara-based biosorbent for cadmium(II) removal

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Heavy metals released by various industries are among the major pollutants found in water resources. In this research, biosorption technique was...     

Production and uptake of dissolved carbon,nitrogen, and phosphorus in overlying water of aquaculture shrimp ponds in subtropical estuaries,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water quality deterioration can adversely affect the long-term sustainability of aquaculture industry. Understanding the processes of nutrient...