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241.
为了找出导致加油站发生火灾爆炸事故的基本事件及其可能性大小,以加油站火灾爆炸故障树为基础建立相应的贝叶斯网络风险模型。在FTA向BN转化算法的基础上对条件概率做出了修正。利用GeNIe软件计算加油站火灾爆炸事故基事件的后验概率,同时进行灵敏度和影响力分析。最后通过实例分析,找出了导致某加油站发生火灾爆炸事故危险性最大的因素集为:加油站接打手机、机械碰撞、给塑料容器加油、加油冒油、油枪渗漏等。结果表明,注重基事件的多态性和事件间逻辑关系合理性的新模型,能推算出更准确的基事件概率分布,同时可以找出导致事故发生的最有可能途径,为加油站事故预防,系统改进提供较为合理性建议。 相似文献
242.
Shrub invasion has a serious effect on the structure and function of grassland ecosystems and understanding vegetation dynamics is of great significance to control shrub invasion and recover shrub invaded grassland. In the Ordos Plateau, we selected representative communities in transition process from Stipa bungeana to Artemisia ordosica. By sampling, cutting, and root-drilling methods, plant coverage, density, biomass, litter, root, and species diversity of different communities were investigated and analyzed. The results showed the following: (1) the succession process had six vegetation types, S. bungeana communities, S. bungeana + Cleistogenes squarrosa communities, S. bungeana + Artemisia ordosica communities, A. ordosica + C. squarrosa communities, A. ordosica + Lespedeza davurica communities, and A. ordosica communities. (2) The community coverage decreased initially, and then increased. Whereas, the total density decreased initially, then increased, and then decreased. The aboveground, underground, and total biomasses, and the dry weight of litter showed an increasing trend. (3) The coverage, density, and biomass of S. bungeana decreased gradually, whereas A. ordosica showed an opposite trend. (4) With the increase in soil depth, the dry weight of root showed a decreasing trend. The roots were mainly distributed in the 0-30 cm soil layer. At VI stage, the root distribution of Artemisia community initially increased, and then decreased, and the root depth reached 80-90 cm. (5) The species richness, Simpson, Shannon-Winner, and Pielou evenness indexes initially increased, and then decreased. In summary, shrub encroachment is severe in the Ordos Plateau. Although the community coverage, biomass, and biodiversity during the moderate shrub encroachment stage were high, the shrub-invaded grassland should be restored to S. bungeana grassland due to the decreased grazing value of grassland after shrub invasion. Keywords. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved. 相似文献
243.
Rencheng Zhu Jingnan Hu Liqiang He Lei Zu Xiaofeng Bao Yitu Lai Sheng Su 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(1):14
244.
Previous feeding studies on herbivorous marine snails rarely have focused on temperature effects on food intake. If temperature affects food intake, ectothermic snails may experience difficulty obtaining sufficient nutritional resources, limiting their ability to sustain populations at suboptimal temperatures. We hypothesized that the feeding responses of Tegula species would correspond with temperatures characteristic of their geographic distributions. We determined activity, consumption rates, and gut passage times at 11°C, 15°C, 19°C, and 23°C for three Tegula species with distinct thermal distributions: T. brunnea (cold water), T. aureotincta (warm water), and individuals from warm- and cold-water populations of T. funebralis, a broadly distributed species. Activity and consumption rates of T. aureotincta increased with increasing temperature, but were highest for T. brunnea at 19°C, a temperature rarely achieved in habitats occupied by this species, and lowest at 11°C. Warm-water T. funebralis showed significantly lower activity and consumption rates at 11°C, whereas cold-water T. funebralis consumed food fastest at 15°C and were most active at 23°C. Temperature affected gut passage time only in T. aureotincta. These data suggest that temperature might influence the northern limit of T. aureotincta by affecting activity and food consumption rates. T. brunneas activity and ability to consume food were not hindered by warmer temperatures despite the present day restriction of this species to colder waters. Also, widely separated (>300 km) T. funebralis populations may be adapted to regional conditions based on the different temperature responses of northern and southern snails.Communicated by P.W. Sammarco, Chauvin 相似文献
245.
Pohchin Lai 《Environmental management》1991,15(5):595-601
Many state and local agencies have begun to adopt computer technology as a means of upgrading existing mapping and related
practices. These agencies are faced with the dualism of wanting modern technology within a traditional setting and demanding
technological independence at the same time. This article is an account of the art of technology transfers, with discussions
about the necessary ingredients and constraints in the identification, adaptation, absorption, implementation, diffusion,
and evaluation of new technologies. In general, a systematic approach towards the strengthening of endogenous capabilities
with sufficient provision for operational and policy changes may be preferable to the idea of comprehensive planning. 相似文献
247.
248.
Robert Y. Lai Gabor M. Karadi Roy A. Williams 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1973,9(5):892-900
ABSTRACT: The exact solution for the drawdown in and around a well in a homogeneous, isotropic, and confined aquifer is presented if the well discharge is a function of time. The effect of the storage capacity of the well is also taken into consideration. Two types of flowrate functions are studied, namely linear and exponential functions, and the results are plotted in graphs. 相似文献
249.
固相萃取-气相色谱法检测水中的邻苯二甲酸酯 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用固相萃取技术富集了水中4种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)化合物:邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)。借助均匀设计法及计算机回归建模优化技术对4种PAEs的固相萃取条件进行了设计与优化,得到的最佳固相萃取条件:洗脱剂配比(正己烷与丙酮的体积比)30:1,洗脱体积2mL,洗脱速率4mL/min,上样速率8mL/min。富集后的试样用带电子捕获器的毛细管气相色谱仪检测,方法的线性范围为1~1000μg/L(DMP,DEP),0.2—100μg/L(DBP,DEHP),线性回归方程的相关系数为0.9970~1.0000,检出限为0.02-0.4μg/L,4种PAEs的回收率为69%~117%,相对标准偏差为2.5%~9.5%。[关键词] 相似文献
250.
赖燕华 《安全.健康和环境》2010,10(5):47-48
中国石化茂名分公司化工分部于2009年12月27日至2010年1月31日,对2006年新建成投产的2^#裂解装置、2^#加氢装置、芳烃装置、2^#高压装置、2^#聚丙烯装置、高密度装置、2^#丁二烯装置等7套新装置同时安排大检修。 大检修项目有置等7套新装置同时安排大检修。大检修项目有2712项,21家施工队伍进驻厂区,投入施工力量2900多人,面临着任务重、工期紧、安全和质量监管难度大等问题。针对化工装置大检修的特殊性,化工分部对单位员工和承包商检修期间进行绩效考核。 相似文献