简易吸水式深水采样器的制作与应用

常用的直通式深水采样器不但价格较高,且使用不方便。本文介绍一种简单、实用的吸水式深水采样器,具有造价低廉、操作简单、方便实用的优点,尤其适用于河流湖库的深层水样采集,采水深度可达１００ｍ左右。     

Organizational citizenship behavior in work groups: A team cultural perspective

Although researchers have often found positive relationships between organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and performance rating, very few studies have scrutinized the team contexts in which such relationships exist. This study examines how OCB influences job performance ratings within different team cultures, as measured by team collectivism and individualism. On the basis of multilevel data collected from 81 teams working at a multinational bank in Hong Kong, team collectivism and individualism were found to moderate the OCB–performance rating relationship such that OCB targeting individuals improved rated performance in highly collectivistic teams only, whereas only organizational OCB produced a significant improvement in highly individualistic teams. The implications of these findings and directions for future research directions are discussed here. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Turbulence characteristics of 45° inclined dense jets

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - In the present study, we performed an extensive laboratory investigation to quantify the turbulence characteristics of 45° inclined dense jets using Particle...     

煤制取天然气全生命周期评价分析

利用全生命周期评价(LCA)方法,对某日产1 200万m3煤制天然气(SNG)项目进行分析,计算出每生产1 000 m3天然气需消耗2 435.71 kg标煤,34.44 kg油和0.62 kg天然气,总资源耗竭系数26.34 mPR90,总环境影响潜值为1.96 PET2010。此项目整个生命周期对全球变暖的影响最大,对粉尘的影响最小,说明SNG项目对局地性的环境影响相对全球性和区域性较小。     

红树林原位生态保育系统中叶绿素a的动态变化及其影响因素

根据2012年8月对广西防城港“红树林原位生态保育系统”示范基地8月1日、8月8日、8月15日3天24小时连续水质监测资料,讨论该系统叶绿素含量的周日变化情况与其他环境因子的关系,分析水质的变化情况。     

化学品风险管理的社会经济影响分析方法学构建

社会经济影响分析(SEA)用于评估某项活动所带来的多方面影响,是公共管理决策尤其是环境管理决策的重要步骤。随着化学品环境和健康风险问题日益受到关注以及国际化学品管理进程的不断推进,SEA在科学制定化学品风险管理方案和国际履约决策中发挥着日益重要的作用。我国作为化学品生产和使用规模庞大的发展中国家,更应研究并有效开展SEA。文章综合考虑化学品风险管理的SEA相关国际导则、评估案例和我国化学品管理的基础国情,系统分析了化学品风险管理SEA的基本概念、构成、特点和步骤,并结合《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》拟议新增受控物质——六溴环十二烷的案例,构建出一套系统、可操作的SEA方法,以期为我国化学品风险管理决策、国际履约及相关研究提供参考。     

Site location optimization of regional air quality monitoring network in China: methodology and case study

Regional air quality monitoring networks (RAQMN) are urgently needed in China due to increasing regional air pollution in city clusters, arising from rapid economic development in recent decades. This paper proposes a methodological framework for site location optimization in designing a RAQMN adapting to air quality management practice in China. The framework utilizes synthetic assessment concentrations developed from simulated data from a regional air quality model in order to simplify the optimal process and to reduce costs. On the basis of analyzing various constraints such as cost and budget, terrain conditions, administrative district, population density and spatial coverage, the framework takes the maximum approximate degree as an optimization objective to achieve site location optimization of a RAQMN. An expert judgment approach was incorporated into the framework to help adjust initial optimization results in order to make the network more practical and representative. A case study was used to demonstrate the application of the framework, indicating that it is feasible to conduct site optimization for a RAQMN design in China. The effects of different combinations of primary and secondary pollutants on site location optimization were investigated. It is suggested that the network design considering both primary and secondary pollutants could better represent regional pollution characteristics and more extensively reflect temporal and spatial variations of regional air quality. The work shown in this study can be used as a reference to guide site location optimization of a RAQMN design in China or other regions of the world.     

2000-2009年鄂南丘陵山区耕地集约利用变化分析

耕地集约利用是可持续发展的必然要求.从耕地集约利用内涵入手,通过构建耕地利用集约度的评价指标体系,采用主成分分析法对鄂南丘陵山区2000-2009年耕地集约利用进行了评价,并对耕地集约利用变化原因进行了分析.结果表明,10年间鄂南丘陵耕地的集约利用程度呈波动上升的趋势.目前阻碍鄂南丘陵山区耕地集约利用的因素主要为农田水利投入不足,占用耕地严重等,因此应加强耕地保护力度,积极进行耕地整治,加强水利基础设施建设,建立耕地环境质量安全体系.     

灰色关联层次法在脱硫工艺评价中的应用研究

分析了已被广泛应用于烟气脱硫(FGD)工艺评价中的模糊综合评价法的缺点,提出灰色关联层次法进行FGD综合评价的理论,研究解决评价指标难以准确量化和统计的问题,排除人为因素带来的影响.探讨了从环保性能、经济性能、技术性能和系统适应性能4个方面综合评价FGD工艺,由4个一级评价指标和18个二级评价指标构成了FGD评价指标体系.建立灰色评价模型,计算关联系数,用层次分析法确定权重系数,通过加权求和完成灰色判断,根据最大关联度原则选取最优FGD工艺.并以典型的5种FGD工艺针对A电厂进行实际计算,比较了灰色关联层次分析法和模糊综合评价法的评价过程及结论,认为灰色关联层次分析法评价结果与实际相符.