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排序方式: 共有110条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
81.
Varun Sheel Shyam Lal Andreas Richter John P. Burrows 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(27):3314-3321
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) plays a key role in the chemistry of the atmosphere and is emitted mainly by combustion processes. These emissions have been increasing over India over the past few years due to rapid economic growth and yet there are very few systematic ground based observations of NO2 over this region. We thus take recourse to satellite data and compare tropospheric NO2 column abundances simulated by a chemical transport model, MOZART, with data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for a few locations in India that have seen a rapid economic growth in the last decade. The model generally simulates higher columnar abundances of NO2 compared to GOME observations and does not reproduce the features of the observed seasonal behaviour. The combined uncertainties of the emission inventory and retrieval of the satellite data could be contributing factors to the discrepancies. It may be thus worthwhile to develop emission inventories for India at a higher resolution to include local level activity data. The ten year data (1996–2006) from GOME and SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) show increasing trends for Indian cities where rapid industrial and vehicular traffic growth has been observed during this period. 相似文献
82.
83.
Carbon Sequestration Potential of Indian Forests 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The forestry sector can not only sustain its carbon but also has the potential to absorb carbon from the atmosphere. India has maintained approximately 64 Mha of forest cover for the last decade. The rate of afforestation in India is one of the highest among the tropical countries, currently estimated to be 2 Mha per annum. The annual productivity has increased from 0.7 m3 per hactare in 1985 to 1.37 m3 per hectare in 1995. Increase in annual productivity directly indicates an increase in forest biomass and hence higher carbon sequestration potential. The carbon pool for the Indian forests is estimated to be 2026.72 Mt for the year 1995. Estimates of annual carbon uptake increment suggest that our forests and plantations have been able to remove at least 0.125 Gt of CO2 from the atmosphere in the year 1995. Assuming that the present forest cover in India will sustain itself with a marginal annual increase by 0.5 Mha in area of plantations, we can expect our forests to continue to act as a net carbon sink in future. 相似文献
84.
Srijan Lal Shrestha Iswori Lal Shrestha Niraj Shrestha Rajesh Dhoj Joshi 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2017,22(5):459-472
An ecological time-series study is conducted to quantify health-effect coefficients associated with climate-sensitive variables namely temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and wind speed and estimate environmental burden of diseases attributed to temperature as the main climatic variable together with climate change in Nepal. The study is based upon daily data of climate-sensitive variables and hospitalizations collected for 5 years between 2009 and 2014. Generalized linear model is used to estimate health-effect coefficients accounting distributed lag effects. Results show 3.08%, 10.14%, and 3.27% rise in water-borne, vector-borne, and renal disease hospitalizations, respectively, and 3.67% rise in water- and vector-borne disease deaths per 1 °C rise in average temperature. Similarly, 2.45% and 1.44% rise in heart disease hospitalization and all-cause mortality, respectively per 1 °C rise in absolute difference of average temperature with its overall average (20 °C). The computed attributable fractions are 0.3759, 0.6696, 0.2909, and 0.1024 for water-borne, vector-borne, renal, and heart disease hospitalizations, respectively, and 0.0607 and 0.4335 for all-cause mortality and disease-specific mortality of water- and vector-borne diseases, respectively. The percent change in attributable burdens due to climate change are found to be 4.32%, 4.64%, 7.20%, and ?2.29% for water-borne, vector-borne, renal, and heart disease hospitalizations, respectively, and ?1.39% and 6.55% for all-cause deaths and water-borne and vector-borne disease deaths, respectively. In conclusion, climate-sensitive variables have significant effects on many major health burdens in Nepal. In the context of changing climatic scenarios around the world including that of Nepal, such changes are bound to affect the health burden of Nepalese people. 相似文献
85.
Blue-green algae showed a poor ability to pick up and concentrate dieldrin and dimethoate. However, the uptake and bioconcentration factor for permethrin was very high. The uptake of dieldrin by Anabaena and Aulosira ranged from 5.1 to 73.2 and 5.5 to 17.4 microg g(-1) (ppm), respectively. The uptake of permethrin was from 9.0 to 249.7 and 4.6 to 1422.5 microg g(-1) by Anabaena and Aulosira, respectively. The highest bioconcentration factors for permethrin in Anabaena and Aulosira were 813 and 2373, respectively. This was followed by the bioconcentration factor of dieldrin (620) and dimethoate (119) in Aulosira fertilissima. 相似文献
86.
Bridget Guerrero Rachel Owens Steve Amosson Kunlapath Sukcharoen John Richeson Lal Almas 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(3):670-679
The dairy industry in the Texas High Plains has experienced rapid expansion in the past two decades. This study assesses the impact of the increased presence of dairies on overall water use, crop composition, and the local economy. The increase in water use related to the dairy industry from 2000 to 2015 was primarily due to an increase in demand for drinking by the cows (direct water) as well as an increased demand for silage (indirect water). However, a comparative analysis (dairy presence vs. no dairy presence) from a single year indicates minimal impacts on total water use due to dairies. During the same time period, the number, size, and employment of related local business establishments have increased economic activity in rural areas. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
87.
Aneesh Pasrich Sant Lal Jangr Nahar Singh Neeraj Dilbaghi K. N. Soo Kanupriya Aror Renu Pasricha 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(5):852-859
Nano silver (Agn) is employed as an active antimicrobial agent, but the environmental impact of Agn released from commercial products is unknown. The quantity of nanomaterial released from consumer products during use should be determined to assess the environmental risks of advancement of nanotechnology. This work investigated the amount of silver released from three different types of fabric into water during washing. Three different types of fabric were loaded with chemically synthesized Ag nanoparticles and washed repeatedly under simulated washing conditions. Variable leaching rates among fabric types suggest that the manufacturing process may control the release of silver reaching the waste water treatment plants. In an attempt to recover the Agn for reutilization and to save it from polluting water, the effluents from the wash were efficiently treated with bacterial strains. This treatment was based on biosorption and was very efficient for the elimination of silver nanoparticles in the wash water. The process ensured the recovery of the Agn leached into the effluent for reutilization, thus preventing environmental repercussions. 相似文献
88.
In the present study, female Clarias batrachus were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of gamma-BHC (2 and 8 microg litre(-1)) and malathion (1 and 4 microl litre(-1)) for 4 weeks during different phases of their reproductive cycle. Impact of these pesticides on free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, free and esterified cholesterol in the liver, plasma, ovary and muscle was assessed. During the pre-vitellogenic and regressed phases, they suppressed the levels of fatty acids and glycerides in the liver, but had no effect on their levels in the plasma, ovary and muscle. However, in the vitellogenic phase, fatty acids in the liver and plasma were increased, but were decreased in the ovary and muscle. Glycerides were also decreased in the studied tissues. In the post-vitellogenic phase, these pesticides increased the levels of fatty acids and glycerides in the liver and ovary, but decreased their levels in the plasma. Both pesticides decreased hepatic phospholipids in the pre-vitellogenic phase, while in the vitellogenic phase only gamma-BHC reduced its levels in the liver. These pesticides also restricted their mobilisation to the ovary. Cholesterol biosynthesis seemed unaffected, but the hydrolysis of esterified cholesterol to free cholesterol was adversely affected during the period of estrogen biosynthesis. 相似文献
89.
Anabaena and Aulosira fertilissima showed a marked ability to accumulate DDT, fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos. Although the maximum accumulation of DDT was almost the same in both organisms, there were significant differences in their abilities to accumulate fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos. Patterns of uptake of DDT under different treatments were also similar in both Anabaena and Aulosira, but there were significant differences in the patterns of accumulation of fenitrothion between these two organisms. In Aulosira the maximum accumulation of fenitrothion was observed on the second day, whereas, in Anabaena, maximum accumulation was noticed on the first day. A completely different pattern of accumulation of chlorpyrifos was observed in Aulosira, which continued to accumulate chlorpyrifos throughout the experimental period. Bioconcentration of DDT in Anabaena and Aulosira ranged from 3 to 1568 ppm (microg g(-1)) and 6 to 1429 ppm, respectively. Bioconcentration of fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos in Anabaena varied from 53 to 3467 ppm and 7 to 6779 ppm, respectively. In Aulosira the bioconcentration varied from 100 to 6651 ppm and 53 to 3971 ppm for fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos, respectively. Anabaena and Aulosira metabolised DDT to DDD and DDE. Amounts of these DDT metabolites detected in the organisms were dependent on the concentration of treatment. DDD was the major, and DDE the minor, metabolite. These organisms were not able to metabolise the organophosphorus insecticides, fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos. 相似文献
90.