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81.
Free amino acids and energy metabolism in eggs and larvae of seabass, Lates calcarifer 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Contents of free amino acids (FAA), protein and ammonium ions together with rates of ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption
were measured in order to study the role of FAA as an energy substrate in developing eggs and larvae of seabass (Lates calcarifer) maintained in seawater (30 ppt) at 28 °C without feeding. Initially eggs contained 25.3 nmol ind−1 of FAA of which 21.5 nmol was rapidly utilised by the developing eggs and larvae during the period up to 40 h post spawning
(PS) when nearly all the yolk had been resorbed. During the same period, a net increase in protein content of 1.7 μg ind−1 was observed, indicating that the major part of the amino acids lost from the free pool had been polymerised into body proteins.
Assuming that the balance of the FAA after protein synthesis was used entirely for energy metabolism, FAA appeared to be an
important energy substrate during the embryonic stages (2 to 16 h PS); after hatching, the contribution of FAA to energy metabolism
was less significant. From 50 h PS until the end of the study period at 100 h PS, amino acids derived from somatic protein
were used for energy metabolism. For the overall period from just after spawning up to 100 h PS, the data indicate that ca.
14% of the total aerobic energy metabolism was derived from amino acid catabolism.
Received: 26 September 1997 / Accepted: 1 April 1998 相似文献
82.
The accumulation and depuration of Cs in the green mussels (Perna viridis) commonly found in the subtropical and tropical waters were studied under the laboratory conditions using radiotracer techniques.
Following an initial rapid sorption onto the mussel's tissues, uptake of Cs exhibited linear patterns over a short exposure
time (8 h) at different ambient Cs concentrations. The concentration factor was independent of ambient Cs concentration. The
calculated uptake rate and initial sorption constant of Cs were directly proportional to the ambient Cs concentration. The
calculated uptake rate constant from the dissolved phase in the mussels was as low as 0.026 l g−1 d−1. Uptake rates of Cs in the mussels were inversely related to the ambient salinity. Uptake increased about twofold when the
salinity was reduced from 33 to 15 ppt. The effect of salinity on Cs uptake was primarily due to the change in ambient K+ concentration. The uptake rate decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of the mussels, although the
initial sorption was not related to the mussel's body size. The efflux rate constant of Cs in the mussels was 0.15 to 0.18 d−1, and was the highest recorded to date among different metals in marine bivalves. The efflux rate constant also decreased
in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of mussels. A simple kinetic model predicted that the bioconcentration
factor of Cs in the green mussels was 145, which was higher than measurements taken in their temperate counterparts. The bioconcentration
factor also decreased in a power function with increasing tissue dry weight of mussels.
Received: 27 October 1999 / Accepted: 16 June 2000 相似文献
83.
84.
Albert C. F. Lam Daniel H. C. Chan Tony M. F. Tong Mary H. Y. Tang Steven Y. F. Lo Ivan F. M. Lo Stephen T. S. Lam 《黑龙江环境通报》2006,26(11):1018-1020
We present the first confirmed case by molecular analysis of a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type, in a 22-week fetus. Two novel compound heterozygous mutations, 64T> A and 79G > T, were found in the highly conserved regions of the RMRP gene. Twenty-two heterozygous g.1018 T> C mutations, two homozygous g.1018 T> C mutations, two heterozygous insertion mutations g.799_g.800insC and one heterozygous insertion mutation g.849_g.850insT were found among 100 normal controls. Careful radiological examination of the fetus for skeletal dysplasia allowed definitive diagnosis, proper genetic counselling and future prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
85.
Min Chen Dr Yung Hang Lam Chen Lung Lin Kwok Wah Chan Pui Wah Hui Mary Hoi Yin Tang Chin Peng Lee Pek Lan Khong 《黑龙江环境通报》2002,22(12):1067-1070
Enteric duplication cyst is a congenital abnormality that is believed to arise from abnormal recanalization of the bowel during embryogenesis. Previous reports suggest that the condition may be suspected prenatally by sonographic demonstration of an intra-abdominal cystic mass in the second and third trimesters. We present the sonographic features of a fetus with ileal duplication cyst at 12 weeks of gestation, which show that the condition may present in the first trimester of pregnancy. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
86.
Using data from 739 U.S. managers and professionals and 593 Hong Kong Chinese managers and professionals we examined the moderating effects of gender on the relationship between changing employers and compensation attainment. While there were no gender‐based compensation differences early in the careers of these individuals (in 1991), large pay differences favoring men were observed in 1999 only among those who had followed an external labor market strategy. These results demonstrate that this phenomenon is not isolated to labor markets of the United States and strengthen the view that much of the observed pay differential favoring men has its origins in extra‐firm mobility, not intra‐firm gender discrimination. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
Second-trimester serum inhibin-A is increasingly used as a fourth marker in addition to the triple test to screen for Down syndrome. We investigated whether fetal gender had an effect on serum inhibin-A concentration. A retrospective analysis was done on 316 normal pregnancies and 48 Down syndrome pregnancies in which maternal serum inhibin-A assays were performed between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation and in which the fetal sex was known. The median inhibin-A MoM (95% CI) for normal pregnancies in the presence of a male fetus was 0.93 (range 0.88–1.03). This was significantly lower than that in the presence of a female fetus (median MoM=1.04). The gender difference was not observed in the Down syndrome pregnancies. The increased inhibin-A concentration would lead to a 2.3-fold higher false-positive rate in the presence of a female fetus (10.6% vs 4.6%; p<0.05, Chi-square test). Because of the small number of cases studied, the results need to be substantiated by a larger series. If the gender effect is confirmed, adjustment for fetal sex may be necessary when inhibin-A is used as a screening marker. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
89.
P. Schmitter G. Dercon T. Hilger M. Hertel J. Treffner N. Lam T. Duc Vien G. Cadisch 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,140(1-2):34-45
In tropical mountainous regions of South East Asia, intensive cultivation of annual crops on steep slopes makes the area prone to erosion resulting in decreasing soil fertility. Sediment deposition in the valleys, however, can enhance soil fertility, depending on the quality of the sediments, and influence crop productivity. The aim of the study was to assess (i) the spatio-temporal variation in grain yield along two rice terrace cascades in the uplands of northern Viet Nam, (ii) possible linkage of sediment deposition with the observed variation in grain yield, and (iii) whether spatial variation in soil water or nitrogen availability influenced the obtained yields masking the effect of inherent soil fertility using carbon isotope (13C) discrimination and 15N natural abundance techniques. In order to evaluate the impact of seasonal conditions, fertilizer use and sediment quality on rice performance, 15N and 13C stable isotope compositions of rice leaves and grains taken after harvest were examined and combined with soil fertility information and rice performance using multivariate statistics. The observed grain yields for the non-fertilized fields, averaged over both cascades, accounted for 4.0 ± 1.4 Mg ha?1 and 6.6 ± 2.5 Mg ha?1 in the spring and summer crop, respectively, while for the fertilized fields, grain yields of 6.5 ± 2.1 Mg ha?1 and 6.9 ± 2.1 Mg ha?1 were obtained. In general, the spatial variation of rice grain yield was strongly and significantly linked to sediment induced soil fertility and textural changes, such as soil organic carbon (r 0.34/0.77 for Cascades 1 and 2, respectively) and sand fraction (r ?0.88/?0.34). However, the observed seasonal alteration in topsoil quality, due to sediment deposition over two cropping cycles, was not sufficient to fully account for spatial variability in rice productivity. Spatial variability in soil water availability, assessed through 13C discrimination, was mainly present in the spring crop and was linearly related to the distance from the irrigation channel, and overshadowed in Cascade 2 the expected yield trends based on sediment deposition. Although δ15N signatures in plants indicated sufficient N uptake, grain yields were not found to be always significantly influenced by fertilizer application. These results showed the importance of integrating sediment enrichment in paddy fields within soil fertility analysis. Furthermore, where the effect of inherent soil fertility on rice productivity is masked by soil water or nitrogen availability, the use of 13C and 15N stable isotopes and its integration with conventional techniques showed potential to enhance the understanding of the influence of erosion – sedimentation and nutrient fluxes on crop productivity, at toposequence level. 相似文献
90.
Norris Lam Marcus Nathanson Niclas Lundgren Robin Rehnström Steve W. Lyon 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(5):1211-1220
This brief pilot study implements a camera‐based laser scanning system that potentially offers a viable, cost‐effective alternative to traditional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and LiDAR equipment. We adapted a low‐cost laser ranging system (SICK LSM111) to acquire area scans of the channel and bed for a temporarily diverted stream. The 5 m × 2 m study area was scanned at a 4 mm point spacing which resulted in a point cloud density of 5,600 points/m2. A local maxima search algorithm was applied to the point cloud and a grain size distribution of the stream bed was extracted. The 84th and 90th percentiles of this distribution, which are commonly used to characterize channel roughness, were 90 mm and 109 mm, respectively. Our example shows the system can resolve both large‐scale geometry (e.g., bed slope and channel width) and small‐scale roughness elements (e.g., grain sizes between about 30 and 255 mm) in an exposed stream channel thereby providing a resolution adequate for the estimation of ecohydraulic roughness parameters such as Manning's n. While more work is necessary to refine our specific field‐deployable system's design, these initial results are promising in particular for those working on a limited or fixed budget. This opens up a realm of laser scanning applications and monitoring strategies for water resources that may not have been possible previously due to cost limitations associated with traditional TLS systems. 相似文献