“资源诅咒”假说的实证检验研究——以贵州省为例

基于“资源诅咒”假说,利用1993年-2012年贵州省相关数据,建立包括绿色GDP、资源依赖、资本投入、人力资本投入和技术投入变量的时间序列回归模型,对贵州省资源依赖与绿色GDP之间的关系进行了计量检验和分析.结果表明:长期以来贵州省并不存在“资源诅咒”效应,相反资源的开发利用促进了绿色GDP的增长,但作用并不显著.进而提出促进生态环境、资源利用和经济协调发展的对策建议.     

硅酸盐、腐殖酸对Cr污染土壤中小白菜生理及吸铬量的影响

针对在铬污染区土壤中的叶菜类吸铬量是果菜类2~3倍,以及硅酸盐或腐植酸在重金属污染土壤上的最佳施用量研究较少的问题,为保障蔬菜的品质安全,文章通过土壤盆栽试验,研究硅酸盐、腐殖酸不同用量对Cr污染土壤中小白菜(Brassica Chinensis)生理指标和吸铬量的影响.结果表明,施低质量分数的硅酸盐(1.0 g·kg-1)效果最佳,既能提高受Cr污染小白菜的生物量、叶绿素相对含量,又能减轻Cr毒害对抗氧化酶系统中SOD酶活性的抑制,缓解小白菜受到的过氧化胁迫,有效降低小白菜吸铬量;高质量分数硅酸盐(2.0 g·kg-1)对生长产生抑制.腐殖酸在设计的3个质量分数水平上均不能有效降低小白菜吸铬量,对生长的促进作用也不明显.     

金城山植物群落优势种群的种间关系

采用2×2列联表的χ2检验、Ochiai关联度指数、Pearson 相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数检验,研究了南充金城山植被24个优势种群共276个种对的种间关联(或相关).结果表明: 1) χ2检验有15个种对呈正相关, 3个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为5.0,其余258种对联结程度不显著; Pearson相关系数检验23个种对正相关, 1个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为23.0,其余252种对联结程度不显著; Spearman秩相关系数检验24个种对呈正相关, 5个种对呈负相关,正负关联比为4.8,其余247种对联结程度不显著; 2)χ2检验只能反映出种对间联结性显著与否,经χ2检验不显著的种对并不意味着其间没有联结性,故只有与Ochiai关联度指数结合,结论才比较合理; 3)与Pearson相关系数检验相比, Spearman相关系数检验具有较高的灵敏度; 4) 按照对环境的适应方式和主导生态因素,24个优势种可划分为4个生态种组,同一生态种组内,各种间具有较强的正联结,表明其资源利用方式和生态要求相似,而不同组间联结较为松散,主要是由于它们具有不同的生物学特性,对生境具有不同的生态适应性和相互分离的生态位所致.桤木、千筋树、插田泡、乌蔹莓和小叶菝葜等呈独立分布.图4表4参19     

G-CNTs/PVDF mixed matrix membranes with improved antifouling properties and filtration performance

A novel nanocomposite OMWCNT-A-GO was synthesized by conjugating OMWCNT and GO. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO membrane was fabricated by non-solvent induced phase inversion. The P-OMWCNT-A-GO exhibits the best water flux, BSA rejection and flux recovery. It should be due to the enhanced membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity. Although carbon nanomaterials have been widely used as effective nanofillers for fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) with outstanding performances, the reproducibility of the fabricated MMMs is still hindered by the non-homogenous dispersion of these carbon nanofillers in membrane substrate. Herein, we report an effective way to improve the compatibility of carbon-based nanomaterials with membrane matrixes. By chemically conjugating the oxidized CNTs (o-CNTs) and GO using hexanediamine as cross-linker, a novel carbon nanohybrid material (G-CNTs) was synthesized, which inherited both the advanced properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). The G-CNTs incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) MMMs (G-CNTs/PVDF) were fabricated via a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. The filtration and antifouling performances of G-CNTs/PVDF were evaluated using distillate water and a 1 g/L bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution under 0.10 MPa. Compared to the MMMs prepared with o-CNTs, GO, the physical mixture of o-CNTs and GO and pure PVDF membrane, the G-CNTs/PVDF membrane exhibited the highest water flux up to 220 L/m²/h and a flux recovery ratio as high as 90%, as well as the best BSA rejection rate. The excellent performances should be attributed to the increased membrane pore size, porosity and hydrophilicity of the resulted membrane. The successful synthesis of the novel nanohybrid G-CNTs provides a new type of nanofillers for MMMs fabrication.     

水环境中四环素类抗生素降解及去除研究进展

四环素类抗生素是治疗与预防人类和动物疾病及细菌感染的一类广谱抗菌药。在畜牧养殖中,四环素类抗生素做为疾病治疗药物和促生长剂应用广泛,使用量巨大。本文综述了四环素类抗生素在水环境中的污染现状及其在水中的降解和去除研究进展。     

MCM - 41中孔分子筛对铜离子吸附性能的研究

以MCM-41中孔分子筛（简称MCM-41）为吸附剂,对含Cu^2＋的溶液进行了静态吸附实验。结果表明：MCM-41对Cu^2＋的吸附量较大,约为283．0mg／g;Cu^2＋的去除率随吸附液pH的增大和吸附温度的升高而增加;MCM-41对Cu^2＋的吸附性能符合Langmuir吸附方程的特征;Cu^2＋的吸附过程为自发的吸热吸附过程。     

泡沫层生化反应降解表面活性剂

在含有表面活性剂的废水中进行微孔曝气,形成稳定的泡沫层,泡沫层与固定化微生物接触,使表面活性剂得到降解、研究结果表明泡沫层生化反应有助于优势微生物的富集,表面活性剂降解速度从21mg（L·h）提高到35mg（L·h）;表面活性剂的去除率从71％提高到95％,而且这种方法可以解决含表面活性剂废水处理过程中泡沫四处外溢的现象。     

催化法脱除NO_x的研究进展

如何有效地脱除氮氧化物是目前空气污染治理的一个重点和难点 ,催化还原和催化分解是目前研究得较多的脱除氮氧化物方法。本文从催化剂创新和催化反应体系的发展等方面对上述过程研究、应用情况进行了总结 ,并根据作者的认识进行了适当的评述。     

Comparison between linear and non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic models for the removal of methylene blue by activated carbon

The best-fit equations of linear and non-linear forms of the two widely used kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, were compared in this study. The experimental kinetics of methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon was used for this research. Both the correlation coefficient (R ²) and the normalized standard deviation Δq(%) were employed as error analysis methods to determine the best-fitting equations. The results show that the non-linear forms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were more suitable than the linear forms for fitting the experimental data. The experimental kinetics may have been distorted by linearization of the linear kinetic equations, and thus, the non-linear forms of kinetic equations should be primarily used to obtain the adsorption parameters. In addition, the Δq(%) method for error analysis may be better to determine the best-fitting model in this case.