Distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Liaohe estuarine wetland soils

Thirty-one surface soil samples were collected from Liaohe estuarine wetland in October 2008 and May and August 2009. The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), identified as priority pollutants by the US EPA, were measured by gas chromatography. PAHs were predominated by three- and four-ring compounds. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 704.7 to 1,804.5 μg/kg with a mean value of 1,001.9 μg/kg in October 2008, from 509.7 to 1,936.9 μg/kg with an average of 887.1 μg/kg in May 2009, and from 293.4 to 1,735.9 μg/kg with a mean value of 675.4 μg/kg in August 2009. The PAH concentration detected at most sites shared the same pattern, with maximum concentrations during the autumn (October) and minimum concentrations during the summer (August). The ecological risk assessment of PAHs showed that adverse effects would occasionally occur in the soils from Liaohe estuarine wetland based on the effects range low (ERL)/effects range median and the toxic equivalency factors. The results revealed that some of the individual PAHs were in excess of ERL which implied possible acute adverse biological effects. The BaP(eq) values in some sites surpassed the Dutch target value. Therewith, quite a part of soils in the wetland were subjected to potential ecological risks.     

贵州省不同地貌类型下植被物候时空变化及其对气候的响应

为研究贵州省物候变化特征及其影响因素,基于2002～2017年MCD12Q2数据和气候资料,采用数理统计方法对贵州省植被变化及其对气候变化的响应进行探讨。结果显示:(1)贵州省植被生长始期(SOS)呈现出由东向西逐渐延迟的经向空间分布特征;在各地貌区中,SOS相对较早的是Ⅰ区,而相对较晚的是Ⅵ区。生长末期(EOS)较早的地区相对集中于Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ区的西部地区,而较晚集中于Ⅴ区的东部及北部和IV的西南部。生长季长度(LOS)偏短的地区集中分布于III、Ⅴ区的西部及Ⅵ区,LOS较长的地区集中分布于Ⅰ、Ⅳ区的西部及Ⅴ区的东部。(2)贵州省多年平均SOS为第86 d,Ⅵ区最晚,Ⅰ区最早。多年平均EOS为第333 d,其中Ⅴ区最晚,Ⅱ区最早。16年平均LOS为247 d,Ⅳ区最长,Ⅵ区最短。(3)SOS平均以4.2d·(10a)^-1的速率不显著提前;Ⅵ区提早速率最大;Ⅳ区提早速率最小。EOS以3.9 d·(10a)^-1的速率不显著推迟,Ⅴ区的推迟速率最大,Ⅱ区推迟速率最小。LOS以2.8 d·(10a)^-1的速率延长;Ⅵ区延长速率最...     

热处理对含氮活性碳纤维脱除SO2能力的影响

考察中高温热处理对含氮沥青活性碳纤维「ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）」脱除ＳＯ２的能力的影响结果表明,在９００－１１００℃尤其是在１０００℃下热处理可显著提高ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）脱除ＳＯ２的能力,当在３０℃下模拟烟气中ＳＯ２、Ｏ２和Ｈ２Ｏ的浓度分别为０．００２ｍｌ／ｍｌ,０．１ｍｌ／ｍｌ和０．１ｍｌ／ｍｌ,气休流动速率为１００ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ时,０．２５ｇ的３种不同比表面物ＰＡＣＦ（ＮＨ３）完全除去ＯＳ２的时间分别     

油气田企业污染治理市场化对策研究

在调研某典型油气田企业污染排放特征、污染治理设施建设与运行情况的基础上,结合我国污染治理市场化发展现状调查,通过综合分析目前污染治理市场化的特点、政策和管理方面存在的主要问题,提出了油气田企业应对污染治理市场化的对策建议。     

反硝化脱氮固体碳源材料研究进展

在污水处理中,固体碳源是制约生物反硝化脱氮的重要因素。天然固体碳源有着丰富的来源,但是机械强度低;人工合成固体碳源有很好的物理性质,但是造价较高;天然高分子材料经过改造后具有价格低、物性好的优点,因而成为研究的热点,且具有很好的市场前景。     

低浓度氨氮废水的离子交换法脱氮

分别研究了沸石的等温吸附模型,改性沸石在交换柱中的穿透与再生,通过化学沉淀法对再生废液中氨氮的回收等。结果显示:60～80目单位重量天然斜发沸石对氨氮的饱和交换容量为4.15 mg/g;30 mg/L的氨氮废水经过交换柱后沸石的穿透吸附容量和平衡吸附容量分别为:4.50 mg/g和4.757 mg/g。化学再生后,用化学沉淀法使再生废液中氨氮由202 mg/L降到16.3 mg/L。     

Development of Tools for Integrated Monitoring and Assessment of Hazardous Substances and Their Biological Effects in the Baltic Sea

The need to develop biological effects monitoring to facilitate a reliable assessment of hazardous substances has been emphasized in the Baltic Sea Action Plan of the Helsinki Commission. An integrated chemical–biological approach is vitally important for the understanding and proper assessment of anthropogenic pressures and their effects on the Baltic Sea. Such an approach is also necessary for prudent management aiming at safeguarding the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and Services. The BEAST project (Biological Effects of Anthropogenic Chemical Stress: Tools for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health) set out to address this topic within the BONUS Programme. BEAST generated a large amount of quality-assured data on several biological effects parameters (biomarkers) in various marine species in different sub-regions of the Baltic Sea. New indicators (biological response measurement methods) and management tools (integrated indices) with regard to the integrated monitoring approach were suggested.     

用混合二元酸制备混合酸二甲酯

以工业副产物混合二元酸（DBA）和甲醇为原料,用自制PW12／SiO2作催化剂制备混合酸二甲酯（DME）,确定了最佳制备条件：甲醇与DBA摩尔比为3．5,PW12／SiO2加入量（PW12／SiO2中PW12占DBA的质量分数）为2％,反应时间为4．5h,100gDBA中甲苯加入量为50mL。在此最佳条件下,DME收率为84．7％,所得DME为无色澄清液体,其中丁二酸二甲酯的质量分数为11．03％,戊二酸二甲酯的质量分数为13．88％,己二酸二甲酯的质量分数为73．79％。PW12／SiO2具有较好的稳定性和一定的重复使用性,PW12／SiO2重复使用5次时的DME收率仍大于70％。     

桂西南地球化学异常区农田重金属空间分布特征及污染评价

为了解桂西南地球化学异常区土壤Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的空间分布特征及污染状况,共采集自然土壤和农田土壤256个并分析重金属含量.结果表明:①自然土壤Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn背景值分别为0. 890、32. 58、51. 50、55. 57和168. 1mg·kg~(-1).农田土壤(n=193) pH值在4. 8～7. 9之间,Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn几何均值分别为0. 637、30. 76、27. 04、39. 59和123. 9 mg·kg~(-1);②Kriging插值结果显示农田Cd、Ni、Pb和Zn空间分布特征较为相似,高含量区主要集中在崇左—龙州一带;田林县、凌云县、百色市和田阳县农田Cu含量最高;③以《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(GB 15618-2018)和土壤基线值为标准,农田Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的超标率分别为57. 5%、6. 2%、0. 5%、3. 6%、10. 9%和4. 1%、14. 0%、0. 5%、2. 1%和2. 1%.综合污染指数表明,天等县、隆安县、大新县、龙州县和崇左市表现出较严重的复合污染特征.研究区地层发育时代齐全,构造性质复杂,矿床种类繁多,母质(岩)自身具有较高含量重金属,进而在风化成土过程土壤继承母质(岩)中的重金属,是桂西南地球化学异常区土壤具有较高背景值(特别是Cd元素)的最主要自然因素.