基于FTA和ISM的氯化反应失控火灾爆炸危险性分析

为加强甲烷热氯化工艺过程的安全管理,对氯化反应过程进行危险性分析。本研究介绍了氯甲烷的危害特性以及反应釜失控造成火灾爆炸的危险性,借助事故树分析法中结构重要度的排序获取基本原因事件,在此基础上运用解释结构模型(ISM)对氯化反应过程进行火灾爆炸危险性分析,根据所得基本原因事件的层级划分可得到造成事故发生的直接、间接以及根本原因,最终由ISM分析结果提出针对甲烷热氯化工艺火灾爆炸事故的安全对策措施。     

钙对盐胁迫下芨芨草萌发与生长的缓解效应

通过用外加不同浓度CaCl2-NaCl的混合溶液对芨芨草进行培养,对萌发和生长的多项指标进行了测定,结果表明NaCl胁迫时抑制了芨芨草的萌发和生长,在相同NaCl浓度下,萌发率、根长和茎长随外加钙浓度的增加而增长,在盐胁迫下,芨芨草体内Ca2 离子减少,Na 离子增加,在同-NaCl浓度下,外加钙增加了 Na ,Ca2 的含量,研究说明外加Ca2 能通过提高植物对盐胁迫的适应而增加Na 、Ca2 的含量,表明外源钙离子在NaCl胁迫下芨芨草种子的萌发和幼苗生长具有缓解效应.     

城市富营养化湖泊立体修复系统研究

提出对城市富营养化湖泊进行全方位、多途径的综合治理思路——富营养化湖泊立体修复系统。详细介绍了富营养化湖泊立体修复系统的含义、组成部分及实施步骤。通过实践表明该思路在理论上是合理、可行的。具有投资少、回报大、效果好、不产生二次污染、能带来社会、经济效益等优点,是一种值得推行的城市富营养化湖泊治理思路。治理城市富营养化湖泊是一个长期的过程,需要政府的支持和全民的参与。对城市富营养化湖泊的治理,使得湖泊逐渐恢复生态活力,实现城市湖泊区人与自然的协调发展。同时,引入各方面（地产、环保、能源、园林、旅游）资金的城市湖泊修复建设也为环保企业及产业的发展提供了新的途径。     

2,4-二硝基甲苯与共存化合物对发光菌的联合毒性

对2,4-二硝基甲苯与共存化合物对发光菌联合毒性的测定结果表明:2,4-二硝基甲苯与邻二硝基苯共存时,对发光菌的联合毒性为协同作用:分别与三种苯的氨基衍生物共存时.联合毒性为拮抗作用,这种拮抗作用与取代基数目、空间位阻等因素有关     

Entrapment and dissolution of DNAPLs in heterogeneous porous media

Two-dimensional multiphase flow and transport simulators were refined and used to numerically investigate the entrapment and dissolution behavior of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in heterogeneous porous media containing spatial variations in wettability. Measured hydraulic properties, residual saturations, and dissolution parameters were employed in these simulations. Entrapment was quantified using experimentally verified hydraulic property and residual saturation models that account for hysteresis and wettability variations. The nonequilibrium dissolution of PCE was modeled using independent estimates of the film mass transfer coefficient and interfacial area for entrapped and continuous (PCE pools or films) saturations. Flow simulations demonstrate that the spatial distribution of PCE is highly dependent on subsurface wettability characteristics that create differences in PCE retention mechanisms and the presence of subsurface capillary barriers. For a given soil texture, the maximum and minimum PCE infiltration depth was obtained when the sand had intermediate (an organic-wet mass fraction of 25%) and strong (water- or organic-wet) wettability conditions, respectively. In heterogeneous systems, subsurface wettability variations were also found to enhance or diminish the performance of soil texture-induced capillary barriers. The dissolution behavior of PCE was found to depend on the soil wettability and the spatial PCE distribution. Shorter dissolution times tended to occur when PCE was distributed over large regions due to an increased access of flowing water to the PCE. In heterogeneous systems, capillary barriers that produced high PCE saturations tended to exhibit longer dissolution times.     

21世纪人类将面临的环境灾害

环境问题是当今世界面临的重大问题,已引起世界各国高度重视。本文就21世纪威胁人类健康发展一些环境问题进行了简要阐述,以期引起人们的重视和开展研究工作有所借鉴。     

一起"宏观异常"落实事件引发的思考

通过介绍发生在台站附近一次"宏观异常"落实事件,结合当前防震减灾工作的重点,就今后地震台站所面临的新形势,如何贯彻防震减灾总体发展战略和部署,发挥地震监测一线的重要作用作一探讨.本文提出了台站要转变思想,拓展职能,不断增强其基层窗口作用,向现代化、多功能、综合型的模式发展的新思路.