Shared environment,diversity of pathways: dynamics of family farming in the Saïs Plain (Morocco)

Regional Environmental Change - The sustainability of family farming and its capacity to respond to global changes are widely debated. Based on a survey of 40 farms on the Saïs Plain in...     

The evolving local social contract for managing climate and disaster risk in Vietnam

How do disasters shape local government legitimacy in relation to managing climate‐ and disaster‐related risks? This paper looks at how local authorities in Central Vietnam perceive their social contract for risk reduction, including the partial merging of responsibilities for disaster risk management with new plans for and investments in climate change adaptation and broader socioeconomic development. The findings indicate that extreme floods and storms constitute critical junctures that stimulate genuine institutional change. Local officials are proud of their strengthened role in disaster response and they are eager to boost investment in infrastructure. They have struggled to reinforce their legitimacy among their constituents, but given the shifting roles of the state, private sector, and civil society, and the undiminished emphasis on high‐risk development models, their responsibilities for responding to emerging climate change scenarios are increasingly nebulous. The past basis for legitimacy is no longer valid, but tomorrow's social contract is not yet defined.     

Are children playgrounds safe play areas? Inorganic analysis and lead isotope ratios for contamination assessment in recreational (Brazilian) parks

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In city playgrounds, there is a potential risk of harming children’s health by contamination coming from anthropogenic activities. With the aim...     

CuO/γ-Al_2O_3负载型催化剂催化燃烧处理油烟

采用等体积漫渍法制备不同CuO负载量的CuO/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂,用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜对该催化剂负载层活性组分的表面形态、晶相结构和颗粒大小进行表征,考察了该催化荆催化燃烧处理油烟的催化活性(以油烟净化效率表征).结果显示,催化活性随CuO负载量的增加.反应温度的升高而提高,但随烟气流量的增大而降低;在CuO负载量为20%(质量分数)、反应温度为350℃.烟气流量为5 L/min的最佳实验条件下,CuO/γ-Al2O3负载型催化剂的油烟净化效率最高.可达88.6%.该催化剂对油烟的催化燃烧具有较高的催化活性.     

Heterogeneous reactions of ozone with pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-nitropyrene adsorbed on particles

This work deals with the kinetic study of the reactions of ozone with pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-nitropyrene, adsorbed on model particles. Experiments were performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, using a quasi-static flow reactor in the absence of light. Compounds were extracted from particles using pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) and concentration measurements were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The pseudo-first order rate constants were obtained from the fit of the experimental decay of particulate polycyclic compound concentrations versus reaction time. Experiments were performed at three different O₃ concentrations from which second order rate constants were calculated. The following rate constant values were obtained at 293 K: k(O₃ + Pyrene) = (3.2 ± 0.7) × 10^?16 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1; k(O₃ + 1OHP) = (7.7 ± 1.4) ×10 ^?16 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1; and k(O₃ + 1NP) = (2.2 ± 0.5) × 10^?17 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1, for pyrene, 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-nitropyrene adsorbed on silica particles. The variation in the rate constants demonstrates the strong influence of the substituent (OH or NO₂) on the heterogeneous reactivity of pyrene. The pyrene particulate concentration was also varied in order to check how this parameter may influence the experiments. Finally, oxidation products were investigated for all reactions and some were detected and identified for the first time for ozone heterogeneous reaction with pyrene adsorbed on particles.     

Heterogeneous reactivity of pyrene and 1-nitropyrene with NO2: Kinetics,product yields and mechanism

The heterogeneous reactivity of nitrogen dioxide with pyrene and 1-nitropyrene (1NP) adsorbed on silica particles has been investigated using a fast-flow-tube in the absence of light. Reactants and products were extracted from particles using pressurised fluid extraction (PFE) and concentration measurements were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The pseudo-first order rate constants were obtained from the fit of the experimental decay of particulate polycyclic compound concentrations versus reaction time. Experiments were performed at three different NO₂ concentrations and second order rate constants were calculated considering the oxidant concentration. The following rate constant values were obtained at room temperature: k(NO₂ + pyrene) = (9.3 ± 2.3) × 10^?17 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1 and k(NO₂ + 1NP) = (6.2 ± 1.5) × 10^?18 cm³ molecule^?1 s^?1, showing that the reactivity of 1NP was slower by a factor of 15 than that of pyrene. 1NP was identified as the only NO₂-initiated oxidation product of pyrene and all the three dinitropyrenes were identified in the case of the 1NP reaction. The product quantification allowed showing that the kinetics of oxidation product formation was equal to that measured for parent compounds degradation, within uncertainties, confirming the validity of the reaction kinetics measurements.     

Fenton氧化法降解丙烯酸废水的研究

利用废铁屑与H₂O₂形成的Fenton氧化反应来降解工业丙烯酸废水中的丙烯酸。在间歇反应器中,系统地考察了反应时间、H2O2浓度、液固比(废水质量∶固体质量)和反应温度对丙烯酸的降解率的影响,优选了工艺条件。在连续固定床反应器中进行了对比实验,以考察固液接触状态的影响及系统的稳定性。结果表明,废铁屑与H₂O₂构成的Fenton体系能有效地降解废水中的丙烯酸。在间歇工况下,适宜的条件为,液固比40∶1,温度20～25℃,H₂O₂浓度800 mg/L ,反应时间35 min,在此条件下,丙烯酸的降解率可达到95%以上。对比实验表明,固液接触状态对降解效果的影响不大,铁屑的性能稳定,在连续93 h的稳定性实验中,丙烯酸的降解率保持在90%左右。     

转基因植物和食品保障

为了以可持续方式确保世界食品保障,必须解决许多与安全性、流通及其它因素有关的问题.然而,不应当忘记,生产足够的食品是至关重要的.与食品有关的世界贸易问题(包括涉及生物技术应用的问题)应当成为各国之间和各公司之间不断对话的课题.以共同商定的风险评价程序为基础的、国际和谐的质量和安全性标准,是此类讨论的最合理依据.     

多壁碳纳米管表面共价偶联分子印迹聚合物及其对水中双酚A的吸附性能

通过羧化、酰氯化、酰胺化反应在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面引入不饱和侧链(－CH＝CH2),然后以双酚A(BPA)为模板分子,4-乙烯吡啶(4-VP)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,在MWCNTs－CH＝CH2表面制备一种新型的分子印迹聚合物纳米材料.采用扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析对制备吸附剂(MWCNTs@BPA-MIPs)的结构与形态进行了表征且证实有一层稳定的分子印迹聚合物(MIPs)接枝在MWCNTs的表面通过平衡结合实验与斯卡查德(Scatchard)分析证实了印迹聚合物的吸附性质.结果证实,BPA的吸附容量高达123.8 mg·g-1,而且与模板分子BPA的类似物双酚C(BPC)和邻硝基酚(o-NP)比较,MWCNTs@BPA-MIPs对BPA具有更好的选择性和更快的吸附动力学特性.     

水中腐殖酸对高级氧化联用技术去除内分泌干扰物（DMP）的影响

使用腐殖酸模拟本底天然有机物进行试验,采用UV-H₂O₂、O₃、UV-O₃3种高级氧化工艺,研究了水中腐殖酸对3种高级氧化联用技术去除饮用水中内分泌干扰物(DMP)的影响.结果表明,UV-H₂O₂联用工艺氧化DMP的过程符合伪一级反应动力学,水中腐殖酸的存在对UV-H₂O₂联用工艺氧化DMP的影响非常大,伪一级反应的速率常数与本底TOC值的关系式为K=0.162 0[TOC]₀^{-0.817 1};同时水中腐殖酸对UV-O₃联用工艺氧化DMP的效果影响比较大,而总体上腐殖酸对O₃氧化DMP的去除影响不大.从效果分析知,在一定浓度腐殖酸本底条件下单独O₃氧化和UV-O₃联用工艺对DMP的氧化均以O₃分子对DMP的氧化起主导作用,当腐殖酸浓度变小,UV-O₃联用工艺体系中.OH自由基氧化DMP的重要性增大.水中腐殖酸对3种高级氧化工艺的影响程度顺序依次为:UV-H₂O₂>UV-O₃>O₃.