Optimal turning method of composting regarding hygienic safety

The new tuming method was proposed and verified its effectiveness to pathogens by laboratory scale experiments. Considering the results obtained from the previous studies, it could be said that tuming of a composting pile was essential in terms of hygienic aspects but the number of tuming should be minimized. Effectiveness of inactivation was estimated for each composting run. From this estimation,tuming by layers, which is different from conventional tuming that mixes compost pile entirely, was proposed and investigated its performance by experiments. Composting operations with static pile method, complete mix(conventional) tuming method, and proposed tuming( layer tuming) method were done and their effectiveness on inactivation of indicator microorganism was evaluated and compared.As results, the conventional tuming method was not a proper method in terms of pathogen inactivation, whereas, the proposed tuming method showed an excellent performance and should be employed in a composting operation.     

Prenatal diagnosis of familial tuberous sclerosis following detection of cardiac rhabdomyoma by ultrasound

The authors report a case of tuberous sclerosis (TS), diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound, which was suspected by the detection of intracardiac tumours and confirmed by the family investigation. Cardiac rhabdomyomata can be visualized early on echography and must suggest this diagnosis. The place of genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in TS is examined.     

压电陶瓷废料在阻尼减振材料中的应用

首次将压电陶瓷生产过程中产生的废料复合进阻尼减振沥青 ,既解决了压电陶瓷废料的处理问题 ,又制作出了性能更好的沥青基复合阻尼减振材料     

Prenatal diagnosis of del(15)(q11q13)

A case of del(15)(q11q13) was detected in amniotic fluid cell cultures and confirmed by cordocentesis in a 27-year-old woman with a low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein level. The fetus was shown to have a short femoral length on ultrasonography. This structural chromosome abnormality associated with the prenatal ultrasonographic findings and the morphological characteristics visualized after termination of pregnancy strongly suggest Prader-Willi syndrome.     

Economic assessment of maternal serum screening for Down's syndrome using human chorionic gonadotropin

The effectiveness and costs of prenatal screening programmes for Down's syndrome using maternal serum markers will vary significantly depending on the biological cut-off values chosen in order to select women, at each maternal age, who will be sent for amniocentesis. On the basis of the first French prospective study of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurement in maternal serum, this paper shows that the screening protocol currently used in France, where hCG cut-off values are defined in order to offer amniocentesis to women of all ages with a 1 percent fetal risk of Down's syndrome, would detect 64·06 per cent of all cases of trisomy 21 at birth and would be highly profitable for the French social security system. On the basis of a representative sample of 100 000 pregnant women, the total costs of screening would reach $8 302 000 but would generate net potential savings of $32 186 000 in terms of life-long costs of care for trisomic 21 children which would be ‘avoided’ by termination of pregnancy following a positive diagnosis of Down's syndrome. Economic assessment shows that cost-benefit analysis would justify lower hCG cut-off values and a higher detection rate of fetal Down's syndrome (74·45 per cent) than the current French protocol. This paper concludes that it is ethical and value-laden issues, such as the consequences for women and couples of false positives and false negatives of screening, rather than economic and financial arguments that may set limits to the utilization of screening for Down's syndrome using maternal serum markers like hCG.     

双锥度锥形模设计

在冷镦生产中 ,当零件的头部变形较大时 ,通常采用大料及缩径的加工方法。使用该方法冷镦凹模寿命低。通过理论分析和大量的实验后 ,成功地采用双锥度锥形模加普通凹模的生产方式 ,生产头部变形较大的零件 ,取得了良好的效果 ,大大降低了零件的生产成本。     

A methodological approach for the identification of arsenic bearing phases in polluted soils

A methodological approach is used to characterize arsenic pollution in three soils and to determine arsenic speciation and association with solid phases in three polluted soils. HPLC-ICP-MS was used for arsenic speciation analysis, SEM-EDS and XRD for physical characterization of arsenic pollution, and sequential chemical extractions to identify arsenic distribution. Arsenic was concentrated in the finest size fractions also enriched in iron and aluminium. Total arsenic concentrations in soils are close to 1%. Arsenic was mainly present as arsenate, representing more than 90% of total arsenic. No crystallised arsenic minerals were detected by XRD analysis. SEM-EDS observations indicated arsenic/iron associations. Modified Tessier's procedure showed that arsenic was mainly extracted from amorphous iron oxide phase. The results of this methodological approach lead to predict the formation of iron arsenates in the case of one of the studied soils while arsenic sorption on iron amorphous (hydr)oxides seemed to be the determinant in the two other soils.     

滇池底泥微生物菌群对微囊藻毒素的生物降解

采用滇池水华蓝藻中提取提纯的微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)作为微生物生长的碳源和氮源,从长期暴露于蓝藻水华的滇池底泥中,通过从含低浓度到高浓度MCs的逐步培养驯化,获得了高效降解MCs的微生物混合菌群,在初始MC-RR和LR浓度大约分别为50 mg/L和30 mg/L下,3 d内可将MCs全部降解.进一步活性研究显示,不同含碳和含氮化合物虽然能够促进混合微生物菌群的生长,但对降解MCs却无明显的促进作用,说明MCs既可以作为微生物生长的碳源,又可以作为微生物生长的氮源,在富含有机物的天然水体中并不一定能够促进微生物对MCs的生物降解.     

Biochemical composition and digestive enzyme activity in larvae and postlarvae ofPenaeus japonicus during herbivorous and carnivorous feeding

The growth, survival, digestive enzyme activity and biochemical composition ofPenaeus japonicus (Bate) larvae and postlarvae were measured under three feeding regimes. Larvae were reared through the protozoeal stages usingChaetoceros gracilis. From the first mysis stage, three feeding regimes were used; (A)C. gracilis plusArtemia sp. nauplii, (B)Artemia sp. nauplii alone or (C)C. gracilis alone. No significant difference was found in growth, survival, protein content or lipid content of postlarvae from the treatments receiving the single-feed type, despite the low protein (7%) and highly unsaturated fatty acid content of the alga. Growth of larvae receiving the mixed diet was significantly higher than in the other treatments. Trypsin activity was more strongly influenced than amylase activity by dietary treatment, and differences in the ratio of these enzymes between treatments suggest independent control of their secretion. Trypsin activity recorded in larvae feeding onC. gracilis was up to six time higher than in larvae feeding onArtemia sp. nauplii, apparently in response to the low protein content of the alga. Larvae receiving the mixed diet exhibited an intermediate level of trypsin activity; it is suggested that the ingestion of algae is necessary for optimal assimilation of the zooplankton component of the diet.