三峡支流大宁河库湾水质分布变化原因及其生态效应

为探讨三峡支流大宁河库湾水体水质分布变化的原因及其产生的生态效应,从大宁河库湾污染源、三峡干支流水体交换等视角,建立三峡干流与大宁河库湾交换水量的计算公式,监测大宁河库湾表层水样水质的逐月变化情况,重点分析不同调度期三峡干支流水体交换变化驱动下大宁河库湾水质时空分布的响应变化.结果表明:①三峡干流回水倒灌、大宁河上游来流是大宁河库湾水量、TN、TP等的主要来源,干流表层水体EC（电导率）、ρ（TP）和ρ（TN）均高于大宁河上游来流.②蓄水期至高水位期,在干流回水倒灌作用和库湾水量滞留作用的影响下,库湾表层水体EC、ρ（TP）和ρ（TN）高值分布向上延伸至距离入江口0~20 km及以上的库湾水域.泄水期至低水位期,干支流交换水量为负值,表示库湾流出水量高于干流回水倒灌水量.这两个时期库湾表层水体EC、ρ（TP）和ρ（TN）高值分布首先集中于距离入江口0~5 km的库湾水域,随后向库湾中游方向延伸,可能因泄水后期、低水位期仍有少量干流回水从中表层方向倒灌以及库湾中游藻密度高引起.③5-9月距离入江口0~20 km的库湾中游、下游水域藻密度明显高于其他时期其他水域,与水温适宜、非氮非磷限制的营养结构[TN/TP（摩尔比）为30~40]促进藻类生长繁殖有关.研究显示,不同调度期干支流水体交换是驱动大宁河库湾水质分布变化的重要因素,进而库湾水体氮、磷营养结构的时空变化一定程度上影响着浮游藻类生长分布.      

改性二次锶渣吸附去除废水中的磷

以改性二次锶渣为吸附剂,研究了吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、磷初始浓度和pH值对废水中磷去除效果的影响。结果表明,当总磷浓度为10mg／L,pH为7、二次锶渣投加量为15g／L时,90min内就可使废水中磷的去除率达到95％以上,总磷浓度低于污水综合排放标准的一级标准;改性二次锶渣对磷的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型及准二级动力学模型。     

工程菌及其固定化细胞对有机磷农药的降解

用抗性库蚊酯酶基因,引入原核表达载体pRL439,转化大肠杆菌HB101细胞,获得表达.通过酶切、Southern杂交鉴定重组质粒.研究了重组菌酯酶的活性,重组质粒pRL-B1表达的酯酶具有高酶活并能高效降解酯酶的特异性底物a-乙酸萘酯(a-NA)和β-乙酸萘酯(β-NA);经对重组菌进行细胞固定化后降解有机磷农药对硫磷(1605),反应时间短,降解效率高.     

生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷短期产生时空变化规律探究

采用自制垃圾填埋甲烷测量装置对衡阳某垃圾处理站临时堆放的处于发酵期的垃圾开展浓度测定试验,探究垃圾填埋气中甲烷在短期内产生的时空规律。结果表明：填埋场中甲烷浓度存在明显的气体分层现象,其浓度主要与纵向填埋深度呈正相关,与距填埋场边界的水平距离呈负相关;填埋初期,距离地表越近,同一水平方向甲烷浓度在不同区域变化较大,随着填埋时间的增长其浓度变化趋于稳定;填埋场内部温度与垃圾埋深和外界温度成线性相关,并且与垃圾埋深成反比,与外界温度成正比。     

Photoelectrocatalytic systems for simultaneous energy recovery and wastewater treatment: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The rising energy conflicts and environmental pollution are calling for the rapid development of advanced techniques such as photoelectrocatalysis to...     

A robust method for collecting and processing the on-road instantaneous data of fuel consumption and speed for motorcycles

ABSTRACT

Using the laboratory-based fuel consumption models for predicting real-world fuel consumption requires the measurement of data under certain conditions to obtain high accuracy of predicted result. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a logging device for measuring the real-time fuel consumption and speed of vehicle on the road. This article presents a study on developing the on-board data logging device to collect real-world data of fuel consumption and speed for motorcycles with the update rate of 1 Hz. The instantaneous speed of the motorcycle was determined based on the rotational speed of the wheel and the wheel radius. Another module was used to determine the instantaneous fuel consumption rate (FR) though measuring the duration injection pulse. The relationship between the duration injection pulse and the injected amount of fuel was established with high correlation coefficient of 0.997. In addition, a filter was designed to remove noise in the dataset collected using the data logging device. The random errors in the speed and the FR profiles were detected and replaced, the percentage of these errors is 1.8% and 2.4%, respectively. The developed method is a precise one for transient fuel consumption and speed measurement. In chassis dynamometer test, the average deviation between steady speed measured by the chassis and the data logging device is only approximately 0.35%. At transient state, the biggest deviation between these two datasets is less than 3.5%. The average FR at steady speed measured by the developed method is slightly different from the one measured by the carbon balance method. The difference is 0.9%, 2.5%, and 0.25% at the speeds of 30 km/h, 50 km/h, and 70 km/h, respectively. Following the transient test cycle, the fuel consumption measured by the developed method is 4.35% lower than that determined by the carbon balance method.

Implications: A robust method for collecting and processing the on-road instantaneous data of fuel consumption and speed was developed for motorcycles. The proposed method can record well the real-world driving data for motorcycles, including the fuel consumption and speed, with the update rate of 1 Hz. The filter was designed to minimize noise while maintaining data integrity of the collected dataset, the percentage of errors in the the speed and the FR profiles is 1.8% and 2.4%, respectively. The proposed method, therefore, can be used as effective tools for future studies relating to the fuel consumption and emission of motorcycles on the road.     

Using a social learning configuration to increase Vietnamese smallholder farmers’ adaptive capacity to respond to climate change

Social learning is crucial for local smallholder farmers in developing countries to improve their adaptive capacity and to adapt to the current and projected impacts of climate change. While it is widely acknowledged that social learning is a necessary condition for adaptation, few studies have systematically investigated under which conditions particular forms of social learning are most successful in improving adaptive capacity of the most vulnerable groups. This study aims to design, implement and evaluate a social learning configuration in a coastal community in Vietnam. We make use of various methods during four workshop-based interventions with local smallholder farmers: interviews with key farmers and commune leaders, farmer-to-farmer learning, participatory observations and focus group discussions. The methods for evaluation of social learning configuration include in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and structured survey interviews. Our findings show that the social learning configuration used in this study leads to an increased problem ownership, an enhanced knowledge-base with regard to climate change impacts and production adaptation options, improved ability to see connections and interdependencies and finally, strengthened relationships and social cohesion. The results suggest that increased social learning in the community leads to increase in adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers and improves both their economic and environmental sustainability. We discuss the key lessons for designing learning configurations that can successfully enhance adaptive capacity and smallholder farmers’ agency and responsiveness to the challenges posed by climate change impacts.     

Fractal geometry and applicability to biological simulation shapes for sustainable architecture design in Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sustainability is the biggest goal that all areas including building architecture aim at. Sustainability is created by the harmony of buildings to the...     

Larval salivary glands are a source of primer and releaser pheromone in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.)

A brood pheromone identified in honeybee larvae has primer and releaser pheromone effects on adult bees. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to evaluate fatty acid esters—the pheromonal compounds—in different parts of the larvae, we have localized the source of the esters as the larval salivary glands. A histochemical study describes the glands and confirms the presence of lipids in the glands. Epithelial cells of the gland likely secrete the fatty acids into the lumen of the gland. These results demonstrate the salivary glands to be a reservoir of esters, components of brood pheromone, in honeybee larvae.