An improved and simple method for removal of arsenic from drinking water

<正>Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring element. The toxicity of arsenic is dependent on the specific arsenic species, and the concentration and duration of exposure to the arsenic species(Moe et al., 2016). Chronic human exposure to high concentrations of inorganic arsenic species has been associated with     

Biodegradation of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol in saline wastewater by newly isolated Penicillium sp. yz11-22N2

In this study,the performance of 3,5-dimethyl-2,4-dichlorophenol(DCMX) degradation by a screened strain was investigated.18 S r DNA and the neighbor-joining method were used for identification of the isolated strain.The results of phylogenetic analysis and scanning electron micrographs showed that the most probable identity of the screened strain should be Penicillium sp.Growth characteristics of Penicillium sp.and degradation processes of DCMX were examined.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the inoculated DCMX solution was recorded,which supported the capacity of DCMX degradation by the screened Penicillium sp.Under different salinity conditions,the highest growth rate and removal efficiency for DCMX were obtained at p H 6.0.The removal efficiency decreased from 100%to 66% when the DCMX concentration increased from 5 to 60 mg/L,respectively.Using a Box–Behnken design,the maximum DCMX removal efficiency was determined to be 98.4%.With acclimation to salinity,higher removal efficiency could be achieved.The results demonstrate that the screened Penicillium sp.has the capability for degradation of DCMX.     

The Fate of Mengovirus on Fiberglass Filter of Air Handling Units

One of the most important topics that occupy public health problems is the air quality. That is the reason why mechanical ventilation and air handling units (AHU) were imposed by the different governments in the collective or individual buildings. Many buildings create an artificial climate using heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems. Among the existing aerosols in the indoor air, we can distinguish the bioaerosol with biological nature such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Respiratory viral infections are a major public health issue because they are usually highly infective. We spend about 90% of our time in closed environments such as homes, workplaces, or transport. Some studies have shown that AHU contribute to the spread and transport of viral particles within buildings. The aim of this work is to study the characterization of viral bioaerosols in indoor environments and to understand the fate of mengovirus eukaryote RNA virus on glass fiber filter F7 used in AHU. In this study, a set-up close to reality of AHU system was used. The mengovirus aerosolized was characterized and measured with the electrical low pressure impact and the scanner mobility particle size and detected with RT-qPCR. The results about quantification and the level of infectivity of mengovirus on the filter and in the biosampler showed that mengovirus can pass through the filter and remain infectious upstream and downstream the system. Regarding the virus infectivity on the filter under a constant air flow, mengovirus was remained infectious during 10 h after aerosolization.     

Environmental analysis of mercury in China

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保护和恢复阿拉善梭梭生态林的探讨

本文分析了近 40年来阿拉善盟梭梭生态林退化的原因 ,并提出了今后保护与恢复这片梭梭生态林的对策和建议。     

Influence of interspecific competition on the recruitment behavior and liquid food transport in the tramp ant species Pheidole megacephala

This study was conducted on the reactions of Pheidole megacephala scouts when finding liquid food sources situated on territories marked by competing dominant ant species or on unmarked, control areas to see if the number of recruited nestmates is affected and if soldiers behave in ways adapted to the situation. We show that scouts recruit more nestmates, particularly soldiers, on marked rather than on unmarked areas. This recruitment allows P. megacephala to organize the defence and rapid depletion of these food sources prior to any contact with competitors. Soldiers can carry liquid foods both (1) in their crops like other Myrmicinae and (2), in a new finding concerning myrmicine ants, under their heads and thoraxes like certain poneromorph genera because the droplets adhere through surface tension strengths. Later, the liquids stored in the crop are distributed to nestmates through regurgitations during trophallaxis and the external droplets are distributed through social buckets, or the mode of liquid food transfer common in poneromorphs. Their flexibility to use or not use the latter technique, based on the situation, corroborates other reports that Pheidole soldiers have a relatively large behavioral repertoire.     

Minute theropod eggs and embryo from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand and the dinosaur-bird transition

We report on very small fossil eggs from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand, one of them containing a theropod embryo, which display a remarkable mosaic of characters. While the surficial ornamentation is typical of non-avian saurischian dinosaurs, the three-layered prismatic structure of the eggshell is currently known only in extant and fossil eggs associated with birds. These eggs, about the size of a goldfinch's, mirror at the reproductive level the retention of small body size that was paramount in the transition from non-avian theropods to birds. The egg-layer may have been a small feathered theropod similar to those recently found in China.     

Early development of the gill and implications for feeding in Pecten maximus (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

Despite the importance of understanding feeding in the early stages of bivalve development, little information is available concerning the organogenesis of the bivalve gill. The present study used histological and scanning electron microscopical techniques to present a detailed account of gill development in the early stages of the scallop Pecten maximus L. (Bivalvia: Pectinidae). Live specimens from larval cultures were observed daily using light microscopy, while five scallops were sampled for electron and light microscopy every 2 to 3 d from Day 18 to 35, then weekly to Day 56, with a final sampling on Day 58. Although development was continuous, four distinct stages were identified (1-primordia, 2-homorhabdic unreflected, 3-homorhabdic reflected, 4-heterorhabdic), partially recapitulating the presumed phylogenetic evolution of this character in the Pectinidae. The absence of a ventral grcove in all stages suggests that the particle transport mechanism of pectinids evolved independently of such a structure, which is found in other bivalve families. Similarly, the absence of latero-frontal cilia in all specimens up to the largest observed (4 mm) indicates that the single row found in adults is a later development, rather than a vestige of a more abundant ciliation in ancestral forms. The anatomical data, together with in vivo observations of feeding in postlarvae, suggest that the developmental stages of the P. maximus gill correspond to critical changes in gill function. The early life of P. maximus may thus be characterized by distinct functional changes in feeding.