Factor analysis of corporate environmental responsibility

Under the current situation of environmental pollution and resources shortage, the research of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) is of great importance to promote the sustainable development of society. The article adopts the perspective of the Stakeholder Theory and environmental management to make the empirical analysis of CER. Consequently designed questionnaire investigation is carried out among 30 Shanghai enterprises during 2007 and 2008. Through the correlation analysis, principal component analysis, factor ordering, and variables reappearance of key factors, seven key indexes are identified in the original 35 variables. This article aims to provide reference for enterprise environmental management and forwards the study of Corporate Social Responsibility.     

Social and ecological facets of pest management in Honduran subsistence agriculture: implications for IPM extension and natural resource management

In subsistence farming systems of the developing world, adoption of resource-conserving practices such as integrated pest management (IPM) is often strikingly low. This has partially been ascribed to researchers’ limited understanding of how technologies develop at the interface of the systems’ social and ecological components. In Honduras (Central America), there exists concern about limited adoption and diffusion of IPM technologies in certain smallholder production systems. In this study, we determine social and ecological drivers of IPM adoption in subsistence maize production in the country’s hillside environment. Honduran small-scale maize production is typified by a key insect pest (the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda) being partly kept at bay through action of a diverse natural enemy complex, including ants, social wasps, carabid beetles, and spiders. Local agricultural landscapes, primarily shaped through shifting cultivation, provide key resources to maintain this natural enemy diversity. These local ecological conditions and related natural enemy abundance strongly influence farmers’ agroecological knowledge and pest management practices. In the meantime, farmer practices are also affected by local communication networks, which help validate and spread IPM concepts and technologies. Based on our findings, we advocate a holistic approach to improve IPM extension through mapping of agroecological opportunities, visualization of regional patterns in farmer knowledge, and associated priority setting. Local IPM capacity could be built through institutional strengthening and adaptive comanagement, while IPM training should be linked with natural resource management initiatives. These approaches may eventually improve the way IPM is delivered to small-scale farmers who operate in the ecologically diverse environments of the tropics.     

A detailed look at the three disciplines,environmental ethics,law and education to determine which plays the most critical role in environmental enhancement and protection

Campaigns to mitigate environmental degradation problems have failed in recent years due to not only the inability to identify the actual causes of the problems but also the approach followed in addressing these problems. This study gives a detailed consideration to the roles played by environmental education, ethics and law in environmental enhancement and protection with the aim of identifying the one that has made the most progress toward reducing the impact of environmental problems. Knowledge of this is necessary as it will help determine the starting point of any environmental sustainability campaign and direct efforts toward this. The findings of this study show that the importance of the three disciplines in environmental enhancement and protection cannot be over-looked, and it identifies environmental ethics as both an interconnector of the other two disciplines and the force that propels them into action.     

公众太湖蓝藻水华生态风险感知特征研究——以无锡市区为例

蓝藻水华暴发已成为全球性生态环境问题。太湖作为流域重要的水源地,2007年蓝藻水华事件的暴发引起公众的高度关注。运用问卷调查法,研究无锡市区489名公众的太湖蓝藻水华生态风险感知特征及其主要影响因素。研究结果表明：蓝藻水华生态风险被公众知觉为总体风险是陌生和完全可控的;蓝藻水华暴发原因是陌生和不可控的,这是引起公众风险意识的主要因素。影响公众蓝藻水华生态风险感知水平的主要因素有媒体、信息和个体因素。报纸广播电视是主要的媒体因素。信息因素有灾害信息、灾害治理信息、政府防范措施信息。灾害治理信息的影响作用最大,其次是灾害信息和政府防范措施信息。不同性别、年龄段、教育程度、收入水平及职业的人群,对不同类别的风险信息关注程度不同,影响到个体风险偏好的不同。研究结果有助于决策者更全面地理解蓝藻水华风险的本质,开展风险沟通,针对不同特征的人群选择有效的风险管理方案。〖     

Evolutionof Sustainable Carbon Cycling Processes in China

This report summarizes the surveys on carbon inventories and initiatives on sustainable carbon cycling taken by RCEES. The first part of this report deals with the concept of sustainable carbon cycling, the historical evolution of carbon cycling processes in China, carbon pool enhancement, value addition, carbon sequestration and carbon balance. The second part covers the modeling of carbon dynamics, emission inventories of various carbon containing greenhouse gases and their potential abatement measures.     

21世纪初华中地区发展的资源环境基础

作为中国21世纪资源开发的重要场所,华中地区资源环境开发利用将对国家社会经济发展起到举足轻重的作用。对华中地区资源本底特征、人地关系演进状态及发展趋势进行了分析,认 为华中地区拥有较好的资源基础,特别是在水土两大资源的结合方面。但是从现状和未来国家高速工业发展看,未来华中地区自然资源承载负荷将面临较以往更为巨大和更为艰难的挑战。一方面,优越的地理位置使华中地区在国家未来经济发展与资源环境协调过程中的重要地位更为突出,另一方面,当地的人口增长和经济发展同样会对有限的资源基础造成越来越大的压力。因此,区域发展政策应当做出相应调整。     

三峡水库建设前后库区10年土地覆盖变化

介绍利用定量遥感监测手段,开展10年间三峡库区土地覆盖监测,采用联合国粮农组织土地覆盖分类系统在150 000尺度下划分38类土地覆盖类型,利用面向对象的信息提取方法,通过多尺度分割和模糊判别的手段开展土地覆盖的信息提取。通过监测分析,三峡库区在2002年耕地总量占总面积43.93%,森林面积占29.03%,与1992年对比,耕地面积减少1.13%,森林面积减少0.13%,灌木林增加了0.58%。影响土地覆盖变化的主要是城市扩展、库区移民、生态环境政策等原因。     

层次分析-熵值定权法在城市水环境承载力评价中的应用

从广义水环境承载力定义出发,建立水环境承载力评价指标体系;采用层次分析－熵值定权法和向量模法对武汉市水环境承载力进行评价,该定权方法采用层次分析法确定权重,同时又引入熵值法对权重进行修正,在一定程度上减少了主观影响。该方法使评价指标的赋权达到主观与客观统一,对水环境承载力的量化更加准确与合理。该方法构造简单,便于实现计算机编程,所以应用较为简单、方便。以武汉市为例,综合考虑资源环境以及社会经济发展,建立了一套指标体系,利用向量模法对指标进行量化,结果表明武汉市2006~2010年水环境承载力逐年增大,由0129 3增长到02411,表明近些年武汉市水资源、环境与社会经济的发展协调性较好。从3个准则层中可以看出,资源与环境对武汉市水环境承载力的影响较大;社会子系统承载力评价值逐年上升,且上升趋势较快;随着经济的加速发展,经济子系统承载力评价值呈逐年下降态势