Effects of water regime,crop residues,and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated (100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30°C for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential (down to − 350 mV) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore, incorporating soil with straw (rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100% water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30°C.     

一种pH荧光特性物质的合成及其特性研究

合成并表征了化合物:N,N'-二苯丙氨酸铵-3,4,9,10-苝四羧酸二酰亚胺(PDCDA).研究了pH值变化对其水溶液可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱的影响,探讨了荧光强度变化的机理,并利用PDCDA构建了具有“开-关”特性的pH荧光传感器.结果表明,PDCDA化合物水溶性好、荧光量子产率高,荧光强度与pH值间有着强烈的依赖关系,在碱性及中性溶液中荧光强度较强且稳定,而在酸性溶液中荧光被淬灭,PDCDA在一个非常窄的pH范围内荧光强度发生了明显的变化, pH值的改变对发光团π-π堆积产生影响进而导致其荧光发射光谱和可见吸收光谱发生改变.PDCDA可用作水溶液的pH荧光传感器,检测pH值范围为3.8~6.3.     

包埋固定化微生物的特性研究

文章通过实验研究了PVA与海藻酸钠混合载体包埋固定化微生物系统降解有机物的过程,并对其特性进行了分析。结果发现运行初期凝胶体有凝胶溶出现象,第一天凝胶有机物溶出高达2 173 mg,随后溶出量减少,7～8天溶出停止;同时发现包埋后的微生物活性有损伤和恢复的过程,损伤时相对活性为0.27经过恢复可达到0.85;另外,凝胶的粒径和比重等物理特性也随时间变化,最后趋于稳定。一年多运行实验发现包埋凝胶体的抗持久性也较好。这些特性的探讨将为工程应用提供理论指导。     

金川县沙耳干河坝泥石流治理工程研究

金川县境内的沙耳干河坝泥石流沟泥石流活动频繁,暴发频率属于中等。为了减少泥石流灾害的威胁和危害,进行现场踏勘,开展泥石流的治理工程研究,具有重要意义。拦砂坝、谷坊坝、单侧防护堤、排导槽和导流堤等工程对泥石流的预防与治理具有显著作用,采用多种措施相结合的方式相对于单一措施更为有效。在治理工程的建设过程中可能引发相应的环境问题,对其中影响较大的水土流失问题提出防治措施,并进行可行性研究,同时提出实施建议。     

双氧水热失控时的泄放面积评估

为了保证50％双氧水热失控时在储罐中的安全泄放,利用VSP2(Vent Sizing Package 2)模拟了50％双氧水在带放空测试池中绝热条件下的热失控过程,得到了过程的温度、压力、温升速率变化情况,利用DIERS通用方法计算了50％双氧水安全泄放所需的放空口面积,得到了放空口面积的计算公式.结果表明,储罐设置足够的放空口面积可保证双氧水的安全泄放,在充装系数为0.8时所需的放空面积为0.005 2 V/m.     

广东省能源消费与经济增长动态关系研究——基于环境库兹涅茨曲线假说

基于库兹涅茨曲线模型,对广东1980-2010年经济增长与能源消费的动态关系进行了实证研究.结果表明,在整个研究期间,广东省人均能源消费与人均经济增长协整关系呈单调正相关,1999年的结构断点使两者的协整关系发生变化,断点分隔的两个时间段内均符合倒“U”型模型,但曲线拐点后移.广东省现处于倒“U”型曲线的左端,EKC理论拐点为23253元（1978年不变价）.广东省应采取积极有效的节能减排政策,引导促进倒“U”型曲线弧度降低,让拐点提前到来.     

活动断层若干问题研究回顾

简要回顾了活动断层的研究历史,重点介绍了近年来这一领域的相关情况.内容包括活动断层的概念.研究方法、危险性分析等.在论述研究进展的同时,对有关研究内容进行了评述和讨论,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.