涂装作业场所超细干粉灭火设备设计

涂装作业场所使用的油漆和溶剂一般是易燃易挥发的液体,因而此类场所的火灾爆炸危险很大.一旦发生事故,将会造成巨大的财产和人员损失.本文针对此类场所火灾爆炸事故的特点,分析对比了各种消防系统对此类场所火灾爆炸事故的控制能力,提出了超细干粉灭火系统相对于其他消防系统对于控制此类场所火灾爆炸危险的优点,同时也对探测器的选型进行了讨论,并结合实例进行了超细干粉灭火设备在涂装作业场所的应用设计.     

膜蒸馏处理糖精钠生产废水

采用直接接触式膜蒸馏(DCMD)工艺处理糖精钠生产废水。分析了经过活性炭吸附预处理前后,膜蒸馏连续循环运行的效果。实验结果表明,未经预处理的废水在膜蒸馏过程中,废水中所含有机物不仅导致膜材料的润湿,引起产水电导率升高及膜孔润湿,促进盐晶体在膜表面附着,使产水通量下降。经吸附预处理后,膜蒸馏过程中产水通量介于10.40～11.24 kg/(m2.h)。吸附预处理能有效减缓产水通量的衰减,提高产水水质。废水经过活性炭预处理后进行膜蒸馏浓缩处理,当浓缩倍数达到5倍时,通量保持在10.55 kg/(m2.h)左右;产水水质稳定,截留率在99.5%以上。研究结果表明,吸附-膜蒸馏工艺可以应用于糖精钠生产废水的回用处理,有明显的应用前景。     

我国不同土壤铜的生物可利用性及影响因素

选取我国8种典型类型土壤,运用生态毒理学的方法研究土壤中铜的生物可利用性。选取大麦根长和生物量为反应终点,运用计算Dose-response的S-Logistic模型计算出引起反应终点比对照减少10%和50%时的土壤总铜浓度(EC50、EC10)和外源铜浓度(EC10a、EC50a)。结果表明,由根长数据得出的EC10a、EC50a为最佳的分析8种土壤铜的生物可利用性的指标。8种土壤的EC10a在25.3～170.2mg/kg,EC50a在58.1～429.5mg/kg,数值分布范围较宽,说明8种土壤中铜的生物可利用性存在差异,生物可利用性的大小依次为:漳州>海口>烟台>武威>西藏>上海>铜仁>洛阳。ECX与pH和CaCO3呈显著正相关,而这两个指标都是土壤酸碱度的表征,说明土壤的酸碱性能显著影响土壤中铜的生物可利用性。土壤对铜的最大吸附量xmax与ECxa呈显著正相关性,提示土壤对铜的吸附能影响铜的生物可利用性。     

黄浦江沉积物重金属的污染及评价

采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对黄浦江沉积物中的重金属进行了评价研究,解释了两种评价方法结果存在差异的原因。两种评价方法的结果均表明,黄浦江砷污染严重,镉中等程度污染,且各个江段均受到了一定程度的污染。     

Himalayan alpine ecohydrology: An urgent scientific concern in a changing climate

Climate change is projected to have important impacts on snow and vegetation distribution in global mountains. Despite this, the coupling of ecological shifts and hydrological processes within alpine zones has not attracted significant scientific attention. As the largest and one of the most climatically sensitive mountain systems, we argue that Himalayan alpine ecohydrological processes require urgent scientific attention because up to 1.6 billion people rely on water supplies from the mountains. We review studies from global mountain systems to highlight the importance of considering ecohydrological impacts within Himalayan alpine zones (4100–6000 m.a.s.l), explaining mechanisms for interactions between snow and dwarf plants. Our findings highlight the paucity of monitoring stations within Himalayan alpine systems. We suggest that it is likely that alpine ecological shifts will impact hydrological processes, but we found that specific mechanisms and functional relationships are missing for Himalayan systems, so the strength and direction of ecohydrological relationships is currently unknown. We advocate for more purposeful and widespread monitoring efforts below glaciers and above the treeline, calling for new experiments to query the role of small plants within the Himalayan alpine hydrological system. We outline the need for community engagement with alpine ecohydrological experiments, and we explain how new snow and vegetation products derived from remote sensing observations have the potential to improve scientific understanding of the interacting effects of warming and ecohydrological factors in this sensitive region.     

地理信息系统支持下的中国农业生产潜力研究

本文在地理信息系统的支持下,分析了全国671个气象台站的30年地面气象资料及地带性或大面积土壤的物化性质及养分状况资料,对影响生产潜力的光、温度、水分、土壤诸要素分别进行了分析、计算,尤其对土壤要素的处理进行了新的尝试,计算了我国的农业生产潜力。     

非点源污染控制的现状及其立法原则

非点源污染危害规模大,防治困难,已经成为危害中国乃至全球生态环境的一个最重要因素。在管理与控制非点源污染方面,如果仅仅依靠技术层面上和经济层面上的治理,不仅治理难度大,投入成本高,而且在现有的技术条件下效果也不理想。因此,必须从政策法律的层面上来探讨非点源污染的控制。在现有的水污染立法体系中明确非点源污染的指导思想和立法原则,明确法律关系主体间的权利义务,使非点源污染控制有法可依。     

高校财务价值链管理的特征分析与内容

在价值链概念的基础上提出高校财务价值链的特征和内容．通过如何在资金筹集价值链、资金运用价值链和资金调控价值链三个环节实现价值增值，为适时地调整高校的财务战略，合理地进行财务资源配置服务．     

低温对青萍生长及保护酶活性影响的研究

研究了在相对低温(10～12℃)的条件下,青萍生长和保护酶活性的变化.测定了叶状体数目相对增长率、鲜重相对增长率、根长、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量以及抗氧化酶系统的几种酶活性和含量的变化(包括过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量).研究结果显示在10～12℃的情况下,青萍生物量的增加基本为零,叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的含量均降低,细胞内保护酶的调节功能发生了紊乱.在10～12℃的低温下,青萍已经不具有修复富营养化水体的能力.     

Neurotransmitter level changes in domestic ducks(Shaoxing duck) growing up in typical mercury contaminated area in China

The neurotransmitter le vel changes of ducks exposed 8-month in a mercury-polluted site(Wanshan, China) and a reference site ( Shanghai, China) were examined. Chemical analyses showed both higher mercury and selenium concentrations in the organ of Wanshan ducks. An increased content of acetylcholine(ACh) in brain and blood and a decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) in blood were observed. Moreover, there was an increasing trend for nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity and nitric oxide(NO) production in duck brain, but a reduction of NOS activity in duck serum. The possible explanations were due to the interactive effect of selenium accumulation and the sublethal exposure level of mercury in Wanshan area. The present study showed that AChE and NOS were sensitive to mercury contamination of real circumstance, suggesting that these two indexes have the potential to be biomarkers in assessment of health effects by mercury contamination.