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121.
ABSTRACT Agricultural and extractive frontiers experiment rapid landscape transformation. Land-Use Sciences and Political Ecology are complementary approaches for analysing how landscape transformations are related to biophysical conditions, and socioeconomic, cultural and political processes developed at global, national and local scales. This study examines such relationships in a long-standing agrarian and resource frontier in southern Mexico for the 1986–2015 period. We combine insights from: (1) a quantitative land use/land cover change pattern-based model, involving a weights of evidence and cellular automata simulations, and (2) a qualitative content analysis of literature and of local actors’ perspectives. Two grand frontier processes have developed in this region: NAFTA-related agrarian transition toward intensification and the establishment of wind farms. Both were triggered by global forces and new forms of land and resources use, but mediated by national-to-local ecological, socioeconomic and political processes, producing particular landscape transformations. 相似文献
122.
Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues: II. Nonpolar organic compounds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aromatic and aliphatic fractions of black carbon (BC) solvent extracts were examined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to determine how differences in broad chemical and physical features are correlated with the load, composition, "extractability" and bioavailability of organic compounds. Diesel soot, urban dust and chimney soot had concentrations of n-alkanes >20 microg/g and of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)>8 microg/g. These high levels of solvent-extractable compounds were interpreted as resulting from combustion at temperatures below optimum values for BC formation. PAH concentrations normalized to the amount of soot carbon in chimney soot were close to values for diesel soot. However, the high proportion of polar amorphous organic matter in chimney soot suggests a higher bioavailability for associated PAHs. Carbon black, vegetation fire residues, and straw and wood charcoals had only residual concentrations of n-alkanes (<9 microg/g) and PAHs (<0.2 microg/g). PAH distributions were mostly unspecific, while the overall signature of the aliphatic fraction varied with BC origin. Molecular markers among plant-derived BC included steroid and sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons. Molecular fingerprints suggest that compounds associated with fossil BC might be more refractory than those associated with plant-derived BC. 相似文献
123.
Ana Teresa Luís Nuno Dures Salomé Fernandes Pinheiro de Almeida Eduardo Ferreira da Silva 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(4):215-226
Aljustrel mines were classified as having high environmental hazard due to their large tailings volume and high metal concentrations in waters and sediments.To assess acid mine drainage impacted systems whose environmental conditions change quickly,the use of biological indicators with short generation time such as diatoms is advantageous.This study combined geochemical and diatom data,whose results were highlighted in 3 groups:Group 1,with low p H(1.9–5.1)and high metal/metalloid(Al,As,Cd,Co,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn;0.65–1032 mg/L)and SO_4(405–39124 mg/L)concentrations.An acidophilic species,Pinnularia aljustrelica,was perfectly adapted to the adverse conditions;in contrast,teratological forms of Eunotia exigua were found,showing that metal toxicity affected this species.The low availability of metals/metalloids in sediments of this group indicates that metals/metalloids of the exchangeable fractions had been solubilized,which in fact enables metal/metalloid diatom uptake and consequently the occurrence of teratologies;Group 2,with sites of near neutral p H(5.0–6.8)and intermediate metal/metalloid(0.002–6 mg/L)and SO_4(302–2179 mg/L)concentrations;this enabled the existence of typical species of uncontaminated streams(Brachysira neglectissima,Achnanthidium minutissimum);Group 3,with samples from unimpacted sites,showing low metal/metalloid(0–0.8 mg/L)and SO_4(10–315 mg/L)concentrations,high pH(7.0–8.4)and Cl contents(10–2119 mg/L)and the presence of brackish to marine species(Entomoneis paludosa).For similar conditions of acidity,differences in diversity,abundance and teratologies of diatoms can be explained by the levels of metals/metalloids. 相似文献
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Renata de Lima Anderson do Espirito Santo Pereira Raquel Martins Porto Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2011,19(1):196-202
This work reports on an analysis of the cyto- and genotoxicity of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) polymer nanoparticles, in an
attempt to evaluate their mutagenic effects. Fibroblast (3T3) and human lymphocyte cell cultures were exposed to solutions
containing three different concentrations of nanoparticles (5.4, 54 and 540 μg/mL, polymer mass/volume of solution). The nanoparticles
were characterized in terms of their hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potentials and polydispersity indices. The morphology of
the particles was determined by atomic force microscopy. The PLGA nanospheres presented a size of 95 nm, a zeta potential
of −20 mV and a spherical morphology. Cellular viability assays using fibroblast cells showed no significant alterations compared
with the negative control. A cytogenetic analysis of human lymphocyte cells showed no significant changes in the mitotic index
in relation to the control, indicating that in the concentration range tested, the particles used in the experimental models
did not present cyto- or genotoxicity. For the tests conducted in this work we can conclude that biodegradable and biocompatible
PLGA nanospheres are not toxic in the cell cultures tested (fibroblast and lymphocyte cells) and in the range of concentrations
employed. The results provide new information concerning the toxic effects of particles produced using PLGA. 相似文献
128.
Diamantino Insua Pereira Paulo Pereira José Brilha Leonardo Santos 《Environmental management》2013,52(3):541-552
Geodiversity is considered as the natural range of geological, geomorphological, and soil features, including their assemblages, relationships, properties, interpretations, and systems. A method developed for the quantitative assessment of geodiversity was applied to Paraná, a Brazilian state with an area of about 200,000 km2. The method is based on the overlay of a grid over different maps at scales ranging from 1/500,000 to 1/650,000, with the final Geodiversity Index the sum of five partial indexes calculated on a 25 × 25 km grid. The partial indexes represent the main components of geodiversity, including geology (stratigraphy and lithology), geomorphology, paleontology, and soils. The fifth partial index covers mineral occurrences of geodiversity, such precious stones and metals, energy and industrial minerals, mineral waters, and springs. The Geodiversity Index takes the form of an isoline map that can be used as a tool in land-use planning, particularly in identifying priority areas for conservation, management, and use of natural resources at the state level. 相似文献
129.
Navarro Betina Ludwig Challiol Adriana Zemiani Bortoloti Mauricio Aparecido Kuroda Emília Kiyomi Fernandes Fernando 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(6):2470-2482
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This research aimed to evaluate the production of biogas from anaerobic digestion (AD) using swine manure inoculum associated with different... 相似文献
130.
Dias Marcela França Leroy-Freitas Deborah Machado Elayne Cristina da Silva Santos Leticia Leal Cintia Dutra da Rocha Fernandes Gabriel de Araújo Juliana Calábria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):36088-36099
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Wastewater tertiary treatment has been pointed out as an effective alternative for reducing the concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria and... 相似文献