炭素焙烧沥青烟气治理

采用生石灰吸附袋式除尘法治理炭素焙烧窑沥青烟气 ,具有很好的效果。治理前烟尘 114 8.7mg/ Nm3,沥青烟 480 .5mg/ Nm3,苯并 (a)芘 3 .462 mg/ Nm3;治理后烟尘 12 .8mg/ Nm3,沥青烟 11.0 mg/ Nm3,苯并 (a)芘 3 .0× 10 - 4m g/ Nm3。从运行效果来看 ,烟气的充分冷却和选用生石灰做吸附剂是治理成功的关键。     

Assessment of popular techniques for co-processing municipal solid waste in Chinese cement kilns

• Municipal solid waste (MSW) was fermented, screened, gasified, then co-processed. • Co-processing MSW in cement kilns could cause excessive pollutant emissions. • Bypass flue gas can be disposed of through the main flue system. • Popular MSW co-processing methods do not affect cement quality. Cement kiln co-processing techniques have been developed in the past 20 years in China, and more than 60 factories now use fermentation, screening, and gasification pre-treatment techniques to co-process municipal solid waste (MSW). There three complete MSW pre-treatment techniques, co-processing procedures, and environmental risk assessments have been described in few publications. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of each technique. The results suggested that the pollutant content released by each pre-treatment technology was lower than the emission standard. To reveal the mechanisms of pollutant migration and enrichment, the substances in the kiln and kiln products are investigated. The input of co-processing materials (Co-M) produced by fermentation caused formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) in the bypass flue gas (By-gas) in excess of the regulatory standard. The Co-M input produced by the screening and gasifier technologies caused the total organic carbon (TOC) concentration to exceed the standard. In addition, the NO_x, TOC, and PCDD/Fs in the By-gas exceeded the regulatory standard. Raw meal was the primary chlorine and heavy metals input stream, and clinker (CK) and cement kiln dust (CKD) accounted for>90% of the total chlorine output stream. Flue gas and CKD were the primary volatile heavy metal (Hg) output streams. Greater than 70% of the semi-volatile heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Tl and Se) distributed in hot raw meal and bypass cement kiln dust. The low-volatility heavy metals were concentrated in the CK. These results indicated that co-processing techniques used in China still require improvement.     

中国西部能源及矿业开发与环境保护协调发展研究

中国西部地区自然环境脆弱且恶劣,但能源及矿产资源分布相对集中,能源及矿业开发已经成为其经济社会发展的支柱产业.本文力图从西部能源及矿业开发与环境保护协调发展、促进资源开发与生态保护的视角,综合辨析出西部地区能源及矿业开发引发的地质环境及生态环境恶化问题,主要包括土壤污染与土地破坏、水资源污染与短缺、矿区大气污染、噪声污染以及采矿诱发的各类地质灾害和生态环境破坏等.文章认为:西部地区矿产资源和能源开发等人为因素引发的地质环境及生态环境恶化问题日益突出,增强西部地区可持续发展能力,确保资源开发与环境保护的协调发展是西部地区提高能源资源保障能力的现实选择,也是转变发展方式、建设“两型”社会的必然要求.为此,本文对西部地区能矿资源开发与环境保护的协调发展提出了相关建议,主要包括:大力推行绿色发展,极开发绿色新能源;加强资源管理与污染控制,建立、健全矿产资源开发环境保护相关法律法规和体系,健全生态补偿机制;通过市场准入制度设立绿色门槛,继续整合小矿山;加强西部资源型城市与沿海地区的区域融合,减少资源开发的负外部性,破除“资源诅咒”;借鉴国际上“责任矿产开发倡议”,提高能源及矿产资源开发利益相关者的参与能力;统筹协调资源税费、地方发展基金,明确资源税的调节作用,健全利益分配机制,设立绿色发展基金;加强能矿资源开发全过程的第三方独立监管,在能源及矿产资源开发过程中实行有效透明的监管等.     

同步化学除磷对A2/O工艺除污染效能与活性污泥性能的影响

考察了A2/O同步化学除磷工艺中Al2（SO4）3投加量对TP、COD、NH4+-N和TN的去除率与活性污泥性能的影响。结果表明,常温（18~32℃）条件下同步化学除磷最适宜的Al2（SO4）3投加量为铝、磷摩尔比0.5：1,此条件下出水TP、COD、NH4+-N和TN浓度均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级A标准。研究同时发现,Al2（SO4）3投加后,活性污泥的沉降性能和污泥活性均有所增强,其中SVI值由93.8 mL·g-1降至81.3 mL·g-1,Zeta电位由-5.5 mV降至-11.8 mV,胞外聚合物EPS含量增加了59.9%,蛋白质与多糖的比例由5.2降至2.1,比耗氧速率由4.2 mg·（g·min）-1升高到6.7 mg·（g·min）-1（以MLSS计）。微生物菌群结构分析结果表明,投药后污泥中微生物种类由投药前的8种减少为6种,硝化菌和反硝化菌比例有所降低,聚磷菌比例升高为6%。在低温（0~10℃）条件下,Al2（SO4）3投加量需有所增加,当铝、磷摩尔比为1：1时,反应器出水TP、COD、TN和NH4+-N浓度方可达到一级A标准。     

PeLM: modeling of pesticide-losses through runoff and sediment transport

A GIS-aided pesticide loss model (PeLM) was developed to simulate pesticide losses through surface runoff and sediment transport in watershed systems. The PeLM could tackle the movement of eroded soil along with surface runoff as well as the pesticide losses in adsorbed and dissolved phases. The contributions of different soil types in the sediment were also examined. The model was applied to the Kintore Creek Watershed of southern Ontario, Canada. The simulation results were verified through observed data, indicating a correlation level of 0.89-0.98. The results also showed that clay particles usually held the largest share of contributions to pesticide losses through soil erosion. This study is significant in the efforts for modeling nonpoint source pollution in watershed systems. It provides useful information and support for the related decisions of watershed management.     

印染RO浓水深度处理及回用

采用Fenton-石灰苏打法耦合工艺对某印染厂印染反渗透(RO)浓水进行深度处理。通过实验研究了不同H2O2和Fe2+投加量、pH和反应时间对废水COD去除率的影响,以及不同石灰和碳酸钠投加量对废水硬度的脱除效果,出水回用于染色工段进行染色实验。结果表明,在pH=3.0,Fe2+投加量为1.5 mmol/L,H2O2投加量为3.75 mmol/L,反应时间为45 min,石灰和碳酸钠投加量分别为450 mg/L和1 000 mg/L的条件下,出水COD和硬度的去除率可分别达到73.9%和85.0%,耦合工艺出水水质符合该厂回用染色水标准,且减少了盐的使用,可实现印染RO浓水回用。     

水资源供需平衡的安全分析

从中国发展的区域基础角度,考察经济核心区和6个大区在未来经济发展中的水资源供需安全问题.在分析中应用一般均衡的分析技术和线性规划逆问题分析技术相结合,研究表明,在未来发展中水资源最紧缺的地区是华北和西北,作为经济核心区的京津唐地区水资源问题最为严重.研究提出,只有结合开源节流和调整产业结构才能保证经济发展中的水资源供应安全.     

桥梁实用延性抗震设计方法研究

针对铁路桥梁中应用广泛的单柱式桥墩 ,考虑多种跨度 ,多种墩高和多种场地及多种地震烈度的情况 ,在进行大量的桥墩结构线性和非线性弹塑性动力计算分析的基础上 ,通过对大量数据的统计分析 ,得到桥墩线弹性最大弯矩比和非线性位移延性比参数的变化规律 ,基于概率性的结构随机地震反应理论 ,建立了由线弹性动力分析结果来估算桥墩结构的位移延性响应的方法。     

关于重大隐患监控GIS模式的研究

系统地分析了重大危险源、事故隐患的地域监管体系以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监管体系中的危险源和隐患监控 ,应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次。隐患监管功能的有效实现 :隐患监控的技术载体则越来越依托信息网络的发展 ;重大隐患监管体系特别适合采用地理信息系统