聚甲亚胺酰胺树脂对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附

制备了聚甲亚胺酰胺树脂,对其进行傅里叶变换红外光谱分析。采用批处理方法实验了pH、铜离子初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量对吸附量的影响,研究了等温吸附模型和吸附动力学模型。优化后的吸附条件为:在铜离子溶液体积50 mL、初始浓度为300 mg/L、pH为6.0时,吸附剂投放量50 mg、吸附时间60 min,此时吸附量达到269.1 mg/g,去除率达89.7%。25℃时在研究浓度范围内,铜离子吸附过程用Langmuir等温线模型和Freundlich等温线模型描述均可;与准一级动力学方程、Elovich方程及内扩散方程相比,准二级动力学方程能更好地描述其吸附动力学过程。     

干式厌氧消化过程挥发酸对硫酸盐还原菌的影响

在牛粪干式厌氧消化过程中,通过添加不同挥发酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸),考察消化稳定阶段,挥发性脂肪酸的分布特征,挥发性脂肪酸酸组成变化对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的影响,微生物种群组成和种群间关系。实验结果表明,挥发性脂肪酸对SRB还原速率的贡献依次为:丙酸丁酸乙酸。相比乙酸和丁酸,添加一定量的丙酸,更有利于激活SRB的活性,从而加强SRB与产甲烷菌(MB)的种间协同,保证厌氧系统的稳定运行。     

中国建设用地扩张的变化路径识别

在耕地库兹涅兹曲线理论研究的基础上,本文提出了建设用地库兹涅兹曲线假说,并选用1999-2008年期间30个省级区域的面板数据,实证研究了我国建设用地库兹涅兹曲线的存在性。研究结果表明:在全国范围内,建设用地扩张与经济发展之间存在着单调递增的关系,本文所构想的建设用地库兹涅兹曲线假说没有能够得到我国经验数据的支持;无论是否将相关变量纳入到回归模型之中,东部地区和中部地区目前都处于建设用地持续扩张的阶段,这将为经济发展和农用地(特别是耕地)保护的权衡带来两难选择,而西部地区具体情况的识别则有待后续的深入研究;耕地资源禀赋、土地财政、土地违法及土地市场发育等相关变量对建设用地扩张发挥着不同程度和不同作用方向的影响。根据以上研究结论,本文认为我国急需改变现阶段严重依赖自然资源投入,特别是土地要素投入的粗放型经济增长方式,以缓和"吃饭"与"建设"之间的尖锐矛盾。     

集中排烟公路隧道入口段火灾下诱导风速研究

为研究集中排烟模式下公路隧道入口段发生火灾时的合理诱导风速,以某公路隧道为背景,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS对隧道人口段火灾时不同坡度、不同诱导风速的16组火灾工况进行模拟研究,通过对各工况下隧道内的温度场分布及烟气控制效果模拟结果的分析,得到了各工况下的合理诱导风速,研究结果可为公路隧道集中排烟系统关键设计参数提供参考.     

G2京津塘高速公路万辆车流的交通事故灾害与气象综合指数的关系

通过整理G2京津塘高速公路3年(2007年3月至2010年2月)逐日逐时万辆车流的交通事故灾害和交通流量及气象要素资料,并将万辆车流的交通事故灾害(交通事故灾害与交通流量之商)与同步气象综合指数进行日变化相关分析;结果表明:平均万辆车流的交通事故灾害的日变化最高峰出现在05时,年平均高峰值高达2.34起·辆-1·10-4;年度、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的平均万辆车流的交通事故灾害与同步气象综合指数均呈正抛物线的偏右侧相关,即万辆车流的交通事故灾害随气象综合指数的加大而增多;统计学检验(R＞Rα=0.01和F＞Fa=0.01)效果很好.四个季节的万辆车流的交通事故灾害与气象综合指数相关的系数高达0.7781～0.8537.为了更好地将自动气象监测信息服务于高速公路交通安全,在分析成果的基础上设计出了高速公路万辆车流的交通事故灾害的气象综合指数风险等级指标,以期为高速公路交通安全提供客观的科学依据.     

燃料元素快速分析方法协同试验的检测分析

按照协同试验要求,对4个煤粉试样(半焦)和3个秸秆试样进行了试验,根据碳、 氢、氮测定数据,从平均偏差、极差、标准偏差、允许差法、置信率几方面对试验结果进行了验证。结果表明:试验的精密度和结果的准确度符合要求,可为“DL/T 568 燃料元素的快速分析方法”标准修订的精密度范围提供依据。     

Product Guide/1982

Abstract

An efficient venturi scrubber system making use of heterogeneous nucleation and condensational growth of particles was designed and tested to remove fine particles from the exhaust of a local scrubber where residual SiH₄ gas was abated and lots of fine SiO₂ particles were generated. In front of the venturi scrubber, normal-temperature fine-water mist mixes with high-temperature exhaust gas to cool it to the saturation temperature, allowing submicron particles to grow into micron sizes. The grown particles are then scrubbed efficiently in the venturi scrubber. Test results show that the present venturi scrubber system is effective for removing submicron particles. For SiO₂ particles greater than 0.1 μm, the removal efficiency is greater than 80–90%, depending on particle concentration. The corresponding pressure drop is relatively low. For example, the pressure drop of the venturi scrubber is ～15.4 ± 2.4 cm H₂O when the liquid-to-gas ratio is 1.50 L/m³. A theoretical calculation has been conducted to simulate particle growth process and the removal efficiency of the venturi scrubber. The theoretical results agree with the experimental data reasonably well when SiO₂ particle diameter is greater than 0.1 μm.     

Exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone Occurring at a “Pristine” Area Site

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative study of the biodegradation of three aromatic volatile compounds in a compost-based biofilter: toluene, xylene, and 1,2,4-trimethyl-benzene, used in the course of this work for the first time in the field of biofiltration. Hence, three identical biofiltration units have been operated at the laboratory scale. During the experiments, nitrogen (as urea) was supplied at various concentrations to each reactor, via irrigated nutrient solutions. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the biodegradability scale followed the degree of substitution around the aromatic ring: toluene > xylene > trimethylbenzene, with 95, 80, and 70% maximum conversions, respectively. In addition, and despite the different removal levels achieved in the three biore-actors, it was established that from a reaction viewpoint, the degradation of the three compounds seemed to follow similar metabolic pathways involving methylcatechol isomers. Finally, by varying the nitrogen input concentrations in the three reactors, three degradation regimes have been highlighted: an N-limitation regime and an N-optimum regime, common to the three solvents, and an N-excess regime, favorable to the colonization of the filter beds by nitrifying species, which particularly affected the xylene and trimethylbenzene biodegradation.     

Effect of Moisture on the Pollutant Concentration Measurement

The effects of removing moisture from gaseous samples on the measurement of pollutant concentration were studied. Simple mathematical analysis was conducted to derive the formula for correcting the measured results. It was found that the error increases with increase in relative humidity or increase in temperature. The error may become significant under extreme conditions.     

Properties of Pyrolytic Chars and Activated Carbons Derived from Pilot-Scale Pyrolysis of Used Tires

Abstract

Used tires were pyrolyzed in a pilot-scale quasi-inert rotary kiln. Influences of variables, such as time, temperature, and agent flow, on the activation of obtained char were subsequently investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed bed. Meso-porous pores are found to be dominant in the pore structures of raw char. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surfaces of activated chars increased linearly with carbon burnoff. The carbon burnoff of tire char achieved by carbon dioxide (CO₂) under otherwise identical conditions was on average 75% of that achieved by steam, but their BET surfaces are almost the same. The proper activation greatly improved the aqueous adsorption of raw char, especially for small molecular adsorbates, for example, phenol from 6 to 51 mg/g. With increasing burnoff, phenol adsorption exhibited a first-stage linear increase followed by a rapid drop after 30% burnoff. Similarly, iodine adsorption first increased linearly, but it held as the burnoff exceeded 40%, which implied that the reduction of iodine adsorption due to decreasing micro-pores was partially made up by increasing mesopores. Both raw chars and activated chars showed appreciable adsorption capacity of methylene-blue comparable with that of commercial carbons. Thus, tire-derived activated carbons can be used as an excellent mesoporous adsorbent for larger molecular species.