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21.
Laboratory batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the immobilization of phosphorus (P) in soils using synthetic magnetite nanoparticles stabilized with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-NP). Although CMC-stabilized magnetite particles were at the nanoscale, phosphorus removal by the nanoparticles was less than that of microparticles (MP) without the stabilizer due to the reduced P reactivity caused by the coating. The P reactivity of CMC-NP was effectively recovered when cellulase was added to degrade the coating. For subsurface non-point P pollution control for a water pond, it is possible to inject CMC-NP to form an enclosed protection wall in the surrounding soils. Non-stabilized “nanomagnetite” could not pass through the soil column under gravity because it quickly agglomerated into microparticles. The immobilized P was 30% in the control soil column, 33% when treated by non-stabilized MP, 45% when treated by CMC-NP, and 73% when treated by both CMC-NP and cellulase. 相似文献
22.
Adsorption of arsenic(V) by iron-oxide-coated diatomite (IOCD) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yi-Fong Pan Cary T. Chiou Tsair-Fuh Lin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1401-1410
Purposes and aims
Economically efficient methods for removing arsenic from the drinking water supply are urgently needed in many parts of the world. Iron oxides are known to have a strong affinity for arsenic in water. However, they are commonly present in the forms of fine powder or floc, which limits their utility in water treatment. In this study, a novel granular adsorbent, iron-oxide-coated diatomite (IOCD), was developed and examined for its adsorption of arsenic from water. 相似文献23.
24.
Pei Li Jinyuan Xin Yuesi Wang Shigong Wang Guoxing Li Xiaochuan Pan Zirui Liu Lili Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6433-6444
Recent epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown associations between particulate matter and human health. However, the estimates of adverse health effects are inconsistent across many countries and areas. The stratification and interaction models were employed within the context of the generalized additive Poisson regression equation to examine the acute effects of fine particles on respiratory health and to explore the possible joint modification of temperature, humidity, and season in Beijing, China, for the period 2004–2009. The results revealed that the respiratory health damage threshold of the PM2.5 concentration was mainly within the range of 20–60 μg/m3, and the adverse effect of excessively high PM2.5 concentration maintained a stable level. In the most serious case, an increase of 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 results in an elevation of 4.60 % (95 % CI 3.84–4.60 %) and 4.48 % (95 % CI 3.53–5.41 %) with a lag of 3 days, values far higher than the average level of 0.69 % (95 % CI 0.54–0.85 %) and 1.32 % (95 % CI 1.02–1.61 %) for respiratory mortality and morbidity, respectively. There were strong seasonal patterns of adverse effects with the seasonal variation of temperature and humidity. The growth rates of respiratory mortality and morbidity were highest in winter. And, they increased 1.4 and 1.8 times in winter, greater than in the full year as PM2.5 increased 10 μg/m3. 相似文献
25.
Haichao Hu Junting Zhang Hong Wang Ruochen Li Fengshan Pan Jian Wu Ying Feng Yeqing Ying Qingpo Liu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8579-8589
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) in rice has raised many health and environmental problems. As reported, great variation exists among different rice genotypes in As uptake, translocation, and accumulation. Under hydroponic culture, we find that the Chinese wild rice (Oryza rufipogon; acc. 104624) takes up the most arsenic among tested genotypes. Of the cultivated rice, the indica cv. 93-11 has the lowest arsenic translocation factor value but accumulates the maximum concentration of arsenic followed by Nipponbare, Minghui 86, and Zhonghua 11. Higher level of arsenite concentration (50 μM) can induce extensive photosynthesis and root growth inhibition, and cause severe oxidative stress. Interestingly, external silicate (Si) supplementation has significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, and promoted root elongation, as well as strongly ameliorated the oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and peroxidase in roots and/or leaves of 93-11 seedlings. Notably, 1.873 mM concentration of Si considerably decreases the total As uptake and As content in roots, but significantly increases the As translocation from roots to shoots. In contrast, Si supplementation with 1.0 mM concentration significantly increases the total As uptake and As concentrations in roots and shoots of 93-11 seedlings after 50 μM arsenite treatment for 6 days. 相似文献
26.
The hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMAB) immobilized hollow mesoporous silica spheres were prepared for the efficient removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from aqueous solution. Besides the traditional sorption behavior including sorption kinetics as well as effect of solution pH and temperature, the effect of increasing volume which simulated the natural river where the rate of solute and solvent was relatively constant and solution volume was always changing was investigated. The result indicated that the residual PFOS concentrations in aqueous phase decreased with increasing solution pH and ionic strength, whereas they increased with increasing temperature. The HDTMAB immobilized material still maintained high efficiency after increasing volume, that is, the removal kept more than 99% after the treatment when the initial PFOS concentration was 1 mg L?1. The uptake behavior and morphology of spheres which was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the additional HDTMAB and mesoporous shell were responsible for the enhanced sorption of PFOS. It was concluded that electrostatic interaction and Ca-bridge role played an important role in the sorption of PFOS on the mesoporous SiO2 hollow spheres, whereas, hydrophobic interaction contributed to the nice sorption performance of PFOS on the HDTMAB immobilized sorbent. 相似文献
27.
It has been shown that starch can effectively stabilize nanoscale magnetite particles, and starch-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles (SMNP) are promising for in situ remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. However, a molecular level understanding has been lacking. Here, we carried out XAFS studies to bridge this knowledge gap. Fe K-edge XAFS spectra indicated that the Fe-O and Fe-Fe coordination numbers of SMNP were lower than those for bare magnetite particles, and these coordination numbers decreased with increasing starch concentration. The decrease in the average coordination number at elevated stabilizer concentration was attributed to the increase in the surface-to-volume ratio. Arsenic K-edge XAFS spectra indicated that adsorbed arsenate on SMNP consisted primarily of binuclear bidentate (BB) complexes and monodentate mononuclear (MM) complexes. More BB complexes (energetically more favorable) were observed at higher starch concentrations, indicating that SMNP not only offered greater adsorption surface area, but also stronger adsorption affinity toward arsenate. 相似文献
28.
The discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has opened up new promises for the development of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Application of cfDNA in NIPT of fetus diseases and abnormalities is restricted by the low amount of fetal DNA molecules in maternal plasma. Fetus-derived cfDNA in maternal plasma are shorter than maternal DNA, thus leveraging the maternal and fetus-derived cfDNA molecules size difference has become a novel and more accurate method for NIPT. However, multiple biological properties such as size distribution of plasma DNA, proportion of fetal-derived DNA and methylation levels in maternal plasma across different gestational ages still remain largely unknown. Further insights into the size distribution and fragmentation pattern of circulating plasma cfDNA will shed light on the origin and fragmentation mechanisms of cfDNA during physiological and pathological processes in prenatal diseases and enhance our ability to take the advantage of plasma cfDNA as a molecular diagnostic tool. In the review, we start by summarizing the research techniques for the determination of the fragmentation profiles of cfDNA in maternal plasma. We then summarize the main progress and findings in size profiles of maternal plasma cfDNA and cffDNA. Finally, we discuss the potential diagnostic applications of plasma cfDNA size profiling. 相似文献
29.
30.
利用西湖淤泥进行低成本有机型基质栽培试验 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以西湖淤泥为主要原料,配以砻糠灰、干鸡粪、菜籽饼等,组配低成本有机型基质,旨在合理开发利用西湖淤泥。处理Ⅰ(西湖淤泥 砻糠灰 干鸡粪)与处理Ⅱ(西湖淤泥 砻糠灰 菜籽饼)均有良好的理化性质,其孔隙度、有机质含量及N、P、K含量适宜樱桃番茄的生长。处理Ⅰ樱桃番茄早期营养生长及前期产量、总产量等方面与对照(泥炭 珍珠岩 泡沫粒)无显著性差异,果实中Vc含量显著高于对照。处理Ⅱ早期营养生长不如对照,但前期产量、总产量与对照无显著性差异,干物质、Vc含量与糖度显著高于对照。处理Ⅰ、处理Ⅱ的成本约为对照的1/2左右。 相似文献