闽江河口互花米草海向入侵对湿地土壤nirS型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的影响

2020年秋季,在闽江河口鳝鱼滩东部的互花米草分布区,由陆向海方向选择互花米草海向入侵前的光滩(MF)、入侵1～2年的互花米草湿地(SAN)和入侵6～7年的互花米草湿地(SA)为研究对象.基于高通量测序技术,探讨了互花米草海向入侵对土壤nir S型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的影响.结果表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)均是互花米草不同入侵阶段土壤中nir S型反硝化微生物的优势门(90.41%～97.36%),其次是厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),三者在SAN和MF土壤中的丰度均与SA存在显著差异(p<0.05).不同入侵阶段土壤中共有的nir S型反硝化细菌属为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、偶氮弧菌属(Azoarcus)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)、Sulfurifustis属、副球菌属(Paracoccus)、鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)、红肠命菌属(Rubrivivax)、趋磁螺菌属(Magnetospirillum)和福格斯氏菌属(Vogesella),其中,假单胞菌属是...     

向家坝库区沉积物磷形态分布及释放风险

采用改进的连续提取法研究了向家坝库区沉积物中有机磷（OP）和无机磷（IP）的各赋存形态及分布特征,讨论了各形态磷的生物可利用性和释放风险.结果表明,向家坝库区沉积物总磷（TP）含量为388.9~616.4 mg·kg^-1,总体处于安全级别.库区沉积物磷形态以惰性碎屑态无机磷（De-P_i）和残渣态有机磷（Re-P_o）为主,两者共占TP质量分数的60%以上,呈上游高下游低的趋势,流域地质背景是主要的影响因素.以可交换态无机磷（Ex-P_i）、铝结合态无机磷（Al-P_i）、铁结合态无机磷（Fe-P_i）、可交换态有机磷（Ex-P_o）、铁铝结合态有机磷（Fe/Al-P_o）之和来估算生物可利用磷（BAP）,BAP/TP来评价沉积物中磷的释放风险,BAP含量为23.0~91.1 mg·kg^-1,BAP/TP为6.2%~17.1%.向家坝水库沉积物磷的释放风险较低.库区沉积物BAP储量为767.68 t,对向家坝水库上覆水磷浓度的潜在贡献为0.148 mg·L^-1,是导致未来库区水质恶化的重要因素 之一,应加强对库区内源磷的释放管理.     

污水自动监测系统在企业中的应用

介绍了污水自动监测系统的基本组成及相对于传统采样监测的优势，并就系统在企业中的应用实例和取得的明显效果进行综述。     

Glucose production from hydrolysis of cellulose over a novel silica catalyst under hydrothermal conditions

A novel silica catalyst was synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method and tested for the catalytic selective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. This silica catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity than other oxides prepared by the same method, such as ZrO₂, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃. Using silica as a catalyst, cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with a glucose yield as high as 50% under hydrothermal conditions without hydrogen gas. The silica catalyst was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and textural properties indicated that the synergistic effect between strong acidity and a suitable pore diameter of the silica catalyst may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the catalyst was recyclable and showed excellent stability during the recycle catalytic runs.     

高速铁路车轮减振降噪优化方法

高速铁路车轮的振动辐射噪声在轮轨滚动辐射噪声中占有很大的比重,而且在1500Hz以上的频段内占主导,对列车车轮进行优化设计,通过改变车轮的形状,可以达到较好的减振降噪效果。本文对高速铁路车轮优化方法进行详细的分析评论,并提出相应的问题和改进的方向。     

Biological sulfate removal from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using a two-stage UASB reactor

A two-stage UASB reactor was employed to remove sulfate from acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater. Mesophilic operation (35±0.5℃) was performed with hydraulic retention time (HRT) varied between 28 and 40 hr. Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in the reactor was maintained about 8000 mg/L. The results indicated that sulfate removal was enhanced with increasing the ratio of COD/SO₄^2-. At low COD/SO₄^2-, the growth of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) was carbon-limited. The optimal sulfate removal efficiencies were 75% when the HRT was no less than 38 hr. Sulfidogenesis mainly happened in the sulfate-reducing stage, while methanogenesis in the methane-producing stage. Microbes in sulfate-reducing stage performed granulation better than that in methane-producing stage. Higher extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content in sulfate-reducing stage helped to adhere and connect the flocculent sludge particles together. SRB accounted for about 31% both in sulfate-reducing stage and methane-producing stage at COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 0.5, while it dropped dramatically from 34% in sulfate-reducing stage to 10% in methane-producing stage corresponding to the COD/SO₄^2- ratio of 4.7. SRB and MPA were predominant in sulfate-reducing stage and methane-producing stage respectively.     

Adsorptive removal of resorcinol on a novel ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) employing COK-19 silica scaffold: Kinetics and equilibrium study

Phenolic compounds and their derivatives have been found in industrial wastewater, which pose threats to the natural environment. Ordered mesoporous carbon(OMC) has been identified as an ideal adsorbent possessing high specific surface area and large pore volume to alleviate these pollutants. A novel ordered mesoporous carbon was prepared using COK-19 template with the cubic Fm3 m structure for the first time. Ordered mesoporous silica COK-19 was synthesized and reported in 2015. Sucrose as the carbon precursor was impregnated into the mesopores of silica and converted to carbon through carbonization process using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Ordered mesoporous carbon was obtained after the removal of silica framework using hydrofluoric acid. Boric acid was employed for the preparation of OMCs with tunable pore sizes in the range of 6.9–16.6 nm. Several characterization techniques such as nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscope(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Boehm titration and elemental analysis were employed to characterize the OMCs. The pore size analysis and TEM images confirmed that OMC has replicated the mesostructure of the COK-19. Results obtained from adsorption kinetics and isotherms suggest that the Pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm well described the experimental data.     

大连地区水资源可持续利用问题思考

从水资源可用的战略高度，从生命之源-水入手，较详细地分析了大连地区水危急资源开发利用问题，从而，较全面地论述了大连地区水资源可持续利用的战略措施。     

曲霉菌降解机械润滑油的研究

分离出能高效降解机油的真菌并研究其使用方法.从机械润滑油污染的土中分离出2株真菌,GXUA和GXUB.形态鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus)菌.rDNA的ITS序列同源性分析表明,GXUA与A.tubingens,GXUB与A.fumigatus菌株SRRC 43完全同源.根据均匀设计的油-矿质液中的摇床发酵结果,混合菌体对机油的降解效率高于单菌株,最佳发酵条件为25 g菌丝体/L矿质液,pH=5.0,26 ℃.在此条件下,于10 g机油/L矿质液中摇床发酵9 d,其降解效率为95.90%.液-质色谱分析表明,混合菌能降解机油中700～900 Dt的大分子.用两菌株的孢子和其他两种生物材料试制了实验室级的颗粒(直径1 cm)生物制剂.在实验室级水平上,按500粒/m2水面和150粒/kg土用量分别处理具有约2 mm厚油膜的水(自来水和海水)和50 g机油/kg土的土壤,处理后的水和土壤中残余油量符合国家有关环境污染控制标准,添加油酸钠和H2O2能够显著提高降解效率.     

海洋油气资源开发技术发展战略研究

开辟深水油气勘探开发领域、实现边际油田的高效和经济开发是提高油气后续发展能力。保障油气资源安全的重要途径之一。我国在深水油气勘探开发技术方面基础较薄弱．在“十一五”期间尚不具备开发深水油气的条件。因此“十一五”期间需针对我圈海域特点选择部分关键技术进行重点攻关。实现我国海洋油气开发由近海向深水的技术转移。为实现全海域资源开发提供高技术支撑。本文以海洋油气资源开发技术为对象．从海洋油气资源及其勘探开发状况、国内外技术发展现状和趋势、图象及社会经济需求筹方面进行内外部环境条件分析．提出了我国海洋油气资源技术领域所面临的挑战以及与国际水平的差距。并对制约我国该技术领域和相关油气产业发展的瓶颈技术、国外垄断技术进行了分析．最终提出我国海洋资源开发技术发展的战略目标和战略模式。