抚仙湖马料河人工湿地水质净化效果评估研究

从污染物去除百分率、污染物削减量及污染物表面负荷去除量等不同角度对抚仙湖马料河人工湿地的水质净化效果进行了分析,结果表明TN、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别约为60%、60%和50%,平均削减量约为14kg/d、5kg/d和1kg/d,去除污染物表面负荷平均为0.72g/m2.d、0.22g/m2.d、0.06g/m2.d。     

转化纤维素资源生成酒精的研究

研究了高温厌气的热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum)转化纤维素物质直接生成酒精的过程,发酵产物除酒精外,还有乙酸、少量乳酸、H_2、CO_2和还原糖,还原糖的主要成份为木糖,纤维二糖和葡萄糖、诱变菌转化纤维素的能力与野生菌相比有明显提高,能发酵细小纤维、稻草和凤眼莲,酒精最大浓度可分别达4.0,3.2和9.3g/L。     

黄河(兰州段)水生生态系统中壬基酚的分布研究

壬基酚(NP)及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)是一类具有环境雌激素效应的有机污染物。研究了黄河兰州段水体中NP及NPnEO(n=1,2)的分布,测定了NP及NPnEO在河水和浮游植物、浮游动物、鱼类体中及沉积物中的含量。初步研究了黄河兰州段NP在水生生物体内的分布规律。结果表明在黄河兰州段水生生态系统中,水中NP2EO含量大于NP和NP1EO,各级生物体内的NP含量普遍高于NP1EO和NP2EO,并比水中高103~105倍,浮游动物及鱼体单位质量脂肪中的NP含量低于浮游植物单位脂肪中NP含量,沉积物中的NP浓度比水中高56.6~1 849.3倍。可见黄河兰州段水生生物对NP类污染物有生物积累作用,没有生物放大作用,NP类污染物会从水中转移到沉积物中,并在沉积物中积累。     

校园绿地系统景观生态异质性分析与质量评价

针对南京大学浦口新校园的生态景观实际，依据景观生态异质性原理，对校园绿地系统做出了景观生态定量分析和质量评价，结果表明绿地斑块丰富度不足，景观多样性较差和绿地廊道密度不够是存在的主要生态环境问题，是导致新建校园生态质量不高的主要因子，为了有效解决这些生态问题，本文对南京大学校园绿地系统今后进行优化和改建，提出了建设性的意见和修改方案。     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic actions of heavy metal ions on Rhizopus nigricans

By using a LKB2277 BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Rhizopus nigricans growth at 25 degrees C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, parameters such as growth rate constants k, inhibitory ratio I, half inhibitory concentration IC50 et al. are obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Rhizopus nigricans growth obviously, low concentration of Cu2+ has promoting action. The inhibitory sequence is Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+, half inhibitory concentration of them are Cd+ 0.8 micro g x ml(-1), Hg2+ 1.7 micro g x ml(-1), Pb2+ 48.0 micro g x ml(-1), Cu2+ 110 micro g x ml(-1). This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest.     

水解-混凝法处理糖蜜酒精废水试验

采用投加优势菌群的水解 -混凝法对糖蜜酒精废水进行试验 ,研究投加优势菌的水解阶段的处理效果 ,同时 ,以 10 %碱式AlCl3为混凝剂 ,对水解段的出水进行混凝处理 ,并对处理条件进行研究。结果表明 ,采用投加优势菌群的水解 -混凝法工艺处理该废水 ,可以取得 5 8%的CODCr去除率 ,且可去除一定的色度     

污泥颗粒化快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的探讨

厌氧氨氧化工艺处理成本低,被认为是有应用前景的废水脱氮技术.但是,厌氧氨氧化菌生长缓慢,厌氧氨氧化反应器启动困难.探讨了几种快速启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的方法,包括投加颗粒污泥、惰性载体、絮凝剂及多价阳离子等,并对其作用机理进行了分析.     

絮凝剂的开发进展

分别对无机高分子絮凝剂、有机高分子絮凝剂、微生物絮凝剂和废物回收制备絮凝剂的物性、应用状况进行了简要介绍，并列出了近年来大量研究人员对这儿类絮凝剂的研究成果和开发进展。     

Catalytic dechlorination kinetics of p-dichlorobenzene over Pd/Fe catalysts

p-Dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) was dechlorinated using Pd/Fe bimetallic catalytic reductants synthesized by chemical deposition. Batch experiments demonstrated that the Pd/Fe bimetallic particles could effectively dechlorinate p-DCB, p-DCB and its intermediate chlorobenzene were removed completely at a Pd loading of 0.02% (weight ratio of Pd to Fe) and Pd/Fe power to solution ratio about 4g 75 ml-1 in 90 min. Dechlorination was affected by various factors such as the reaction temperature, pH, Pd loading percentage over Fe and the introduction of Pd/Fe catalysts et al. Chlorobenzene represents partially stable dechlorinated intermediates in the generation of benzene and part of p-DCB was dechlorinated to benzene indirectly on the surface of Pd/Fe. The dechlorination of p-DCB took place on the surface of the Pd/Fe bimetallic particles in a pseudo-first-order reaction, the activation energy of the dechlorination reaction was determined to be 80.0 kJ mol-1 at the temperature range of 287-313 K.     

处理啤酒废水的厌氧流化床操作特性的研究

试验表明,自制厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器对温度的变化、上升流速等环境的变化都具备良好的稳定性.它的处理温度控制在30±2℃范围,上升表观流速控制为19.1 m/h左右,回流比控制为8:1,水力停留时间在6.9 h左右,废水COD去除率可达80%以上.该AFB反应器能够承受高达30.65 kg COD/m3·d的有机容积负荷,其COD去除率也达到了73%～81%,产气速率系数为0.55～0.612 m2/kg COD.同时,也对实验中出现的偏析现象进行了分析.