厦门春季低空大气酸沉降垂直分布的研究

1993年3月28日～4月7日,在厦门后坑村,对不同高度的低空(1000m以下)大气中气态污染物?云水和雨水进行了垂直分布观测?结果表明:厦门后坑村春季大气中的SO₂,NO_x,O₃的日均值分别是0.069,0.015,0.060mg/m3,基本符合国家大气质量一级标准,而H₂O₂的日均值为1.70μg/m3,是地面大气中H₂O₂浓度的5.3倍,说明其大气氧化活性较强;空中雨水大部分酸化,而云水全部酸化,且NO-3浓度较高,说明春季酸雨污染较严重。      

抛石环境中铝合金阳极性能评价及其对海底隧道钢壳保护效果评估

目的 解决埋覆介质中牺牲阳极电化学性能评价的不确定性,实现非匀质介质中牺牲阳极电容量测试结果的评价和对比.方法 模拟沉管隧道埋覆的环境介质,对铝合金牺牲阳极的电容量和溶解形貌进行评测.为区别于现有的海水等匀质介质中阳极的检测方法,建立非匀质介质中铝阳极电化学性能评价方法.另外,在上述埋覆介质中,测定阳极和阴极的极化曲线,修正仿真计算的边界条件,有利于模拟这种高电阻率介质环境下阴极保护电位分布.结果 测试箱所测电阻率与商用便携式电导率仪测定精度相当.A1阳极在低电阻率的海水中(25～40?·cm)性能稳定,电容量稳定在2500 A·h/kg,溶解性能良好;在40?·cm海淡水+回填石的混合介质中,电容量测试值数据波动大,重现性差.B1阳极在海水(25～40?·cm)中的电容量和A1阳极相当,未见到差异,在40?·cm海淡水+回填石混合介质中,电容量数值分散性小,电化学活性高.结论 混合介质中的评价试验体现了海淡水、混合介质电阻率和回填石对阳极溶解产物阻滞的综合效应,提高了抛石环境中铝阳极寿命评估的准确性,尤其适用于沉管隧道钢壳用铝合金阳极电化学性能评价和牺牲阳极保护效果评估.     

A meta‐analysis of the antecedents of work–family enrichment

This study meta‐analytically examined theoretically derived antecedents of both directions of work–family enrichment (sometimes labeled facilitation or positive spillover), namely, work–family enrichment and family–work enrichment. Contextual and personal characteristics specific to each domain were examined. Resource‐providing (e.g., social support and work autonomy) and resource‐depleting (e.g., role overload) contextual characteristics were considered. Domain‐specific personal characteristics included the individuals' psychological involvement in each domain, the centrality of each domain, and work engagement. Results based on 767 correlations from 171 independent studies published between 1990 and 2016 indicate that several contextual and personal characteristics have significant relationships with enrichment. Although those associated with work tend to have stronger relationships with work–family enrichment and those associated with family tend to have stronger relationships with family–work enrichment, several antecedent variables have significant relationships with both directions of enrichment. Resource‐providing contextual characteristics tend to have stronger relationships with enrichment than do resource‐depleting characteristics. There was very little evidence of gender being a moderator of relationships between contextual characteristics and enrichment. Lastly, meta‐analytic structural equation modeling provided evidence that a theoretical path model wherein work engagement mediates between several contextual characteristics and enrichment is largely generalizable across populations.     

Application of different single extraction procedures for assessing the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soils from overlapped areas of farmland and coal resources

Heavy metal(loid) extraction from soils in overlapped areas of farmland and coal resources (OAFCR) is crucial in understanding heavy metal bioavailability in soil and the subsequent risks to crops and consumers. However, limited attention has been paid to the extraction procedure of heavy metal(loid)s in OAFCR soils in the research. This study therefore explored different single and mixed extraction procedures, such as acetic acid (HOAc), citric acid, ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (AB-DTPA), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid + ammonium acetate (EDTA+NH₄OAc), and total digestion (HNO₃-HClO₄-HF) to determine the bioavailability of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in OAFCR soil in Xuzhou, China. The results showed the metal(loid) extraction capacity from soil of the different procedures could be ranked as AB-DTPA > EDTA+NH₄OAc > HOA_C > citric acid. The transfer ability of heavy metal(loid)s from soil to wheat tissues and from wheat roots to aerial parts was analyzed by calculating the bioconcentration factor and transfer factor, respectively. Transfer factors of all metal(loid)s were < 1 except Cr whose transfer factor from root to shell and straw were > 1. It is suspected that foliar uptake plays a dominant role in Cr uptake. Correlation analysis between the bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and uptake in respective wheat tissues was performed to recommend the best extraction procedures for different studies. The results show that AB-DTPA extraction is recommended for Cu uptake to wheat roots, straws, shells and grains, Zn uptake to roots, and Cd uptake to roots and straws.

     

基于梅尔倒谱系数的矿山复杂微震信号自动识别分类方法

为了实现矿山复杂微震信号的自动高效识别与分类,保证后续微震分析的时效性和准确性,运用梅尔倒谱系数法,将原始的4种微震信号(岩体破裂、爆破振动、电磁干扰和钻机凿岩)转化为梅尔标度上的非线性频谱,再转换到倒谱域上,结合其在时域上的差分得到1组24维的特征参数向量,利用这些特征参数向量训练构建各类事件对应的混合高斯隐马尔可夫识别模型,进而实现对微震信号的自动识别分类。研究结果表明:运用基于梅尔倒谱系数的微震信号识别分类方法对矿山实际微震数据进行测试,微震事件的识别分类准确率达到92.46%,具有较高的准确性,为实现微震监测系统的实时性分析提供了技术支持。     

低影响开发雨洪管理技术费效分析

文章对LID技术的环境效益、经济效益、社会效益分类分析以及采用费效分析方法对其综合效益进行评价;指出国内外LID技术推广层面的政策经济不同之处,总结出LID技术的推广建议。表明LID措施比传统雨洪管理技术具有更大的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益,合理有效的运用将为海绵城市建设提供技术经济上的支持。     

基于气象因子的PM_(2.5)回归预测模型研究

采用Pearson相关系数分析了2013—2016年3大典型城市北京、南京和广州的ρ(PM_(2.5))与各气象因子的关系。结果表明,3个城市ρ(PM_(2.5))与各风速因子最大的相关系数依次为-0.44,-0.29和-0.37,与各气温因子最大的相关系数依次为-0.44,-0.33和-0.37,气压与南京和广州的ρ(PM_(2.5))正相关,气压因子最大的相关系数分别为0.25和0.34,湿度与北京ρ(PM_(2.5))正相关,与广州ρ(PM_(2.5))负相关,湿度因子最大的相关系数分别为0.49和-0.36,日照时数与北京ρ(PM_(2.5))相关系数为-0.46,降水量与南京和广州ρ(PM_(2.5))相关系数分别为-0.20和-0.24;采用逐步线性回归方法建立城市次日ρ(PM_(2.5))与气象因子的预测模型,复合相关系数分别为0.722 8,0.770 6和0.809 9。模型预测3个城市2016年PM_(2.5)年均值分别偏高4,5和3μg/m3,日均值平均相对误差为±45.6%,±32.9%和±26.0%,模型对高ρ(PM_(2.5))普遍低估。     

莱茵河流域综合管理和生态修复模式及其启示

莱茵河是欧洲的重要航道及沿岸国家的供水水源地,对欧洲的社会、政治、经济发展都起着重要作用。19世纪下半叶,莱茵河及其沿岸地区的开发利用造成了严重的环境与生态问题。以保护莱茵河国际委员会为代表,沿岸各国建立协作机制,整治污染,进行生态环境的综合治理。经过数十年的治理过程,如今的莱茵河生机盎然、重现美丽。通过综合介绍莱茵河流域曾经经过的污染、治理、生态恢复过程,针对我国的生态文明建设和长江大保护行动,提出借鉴莱茵河治理模式与发展经验：（1）打造跨部门跨地区的合作平台,建立“长江保护委员会”;（2）加强流域整合管理,明确流域治理目标,制定“长江保护行动计划”;（3）建立生态补偿机制协调流域内各方利益;（4）积极鼓励政府、民众和企业参与,形成保护长江的共识与合力;（5）从源头治理污染,提升水质;（6）建立完整的全流域监测方案;（7）完善生态修复模式,以期对我国长江流域的生态保护与综合管理提供参考。 关键词： 莱茵河;流域管理;生态治理;经验启示     

泥磷液相催化氧化氮氧化物

采用磷化工行业的固体废物泥磷液相催化氧化氮氧化物。实验结果表明,该方法是可行且有效的。随着温度的升高,泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率提高,当温度达到泥磷熔点时脱硝效率最佳。泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率随固液比的增大而有所下降,而随着NO体积分数和气体流量的增大,泥磷吸收液的脱硝效率呈先升后降的趋势。各因素对脱硝率的影响大小顺序为：气体流量>反应温度>固液比>NO体积分数。在反应温度60 ℃、固液比1∶4、NO体积分数0.03%、气体流量0.3 L/min的最佳工艺条件下,反应160 min的平均脱硝率可达97.38%。     

Bacterial community structure and diversity responses to the direct revegetation of an artisanal zinc smelting slag after 5 years

This comparative field study examined the responses of bacterial community structure and diversity to the revegetation of zinc (Zn) smelting waste slag with eight plant species after 5 years. The microbial community structure of waste slag with and without vegetation was evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. The physiochemical properties of Zn smelting slag after revegetation with eight plant rhizospheres for 5 years were improved compared to those of bulk slag. Revegetation significantly increased the microbial community diversity in plant rhizospheres, and at the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were notably more abundant in rhizosphere slags than those in bulk waste slag. Additionally, revegetation increased the relative abundance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria such as Flavobacterium, Streptomyces, and Arthrobacter as well as symbiotic N₂ fixers such as Bradyrhizobium. Three dominant native plant species (Arundo donax, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Robinia pseudoacacia) greatly increased the quality of the rhizosphere slags. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the differences in bacterial community structure between the bulk and rhizosphere slags were explained by slag properties, i.e., pH, available copper (Cu) and lead (Pb), moisture, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), and organic matter (OM); however, available Zn and cadmium (Cd) contents were the slag parameters that best explained the differences between the rhizosphere communities of the eight plant species. The results suggested that revegetation plays an important role in enhancing bacterial community abundance and diversity in rhizosphere slags and that revegetation may also regulate microbiological properties and diversity mainly through changes in heavy metal bioavailability and physiochemical slag characteristics.