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991.
Bioreactor landfills allow a more active landfill management that recognizes the biological, chemical and physical processes involved in a landfill environment. The laboratory-scale simulators of landfill reactors treating municipal solid wastes were studied, the effect of solid waste size, leachate recirculation, nutrient balance, pH value, moisture content and temperature on the rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) biodegradation were determined, and it indicated the optimum pH value, moisture content and temperature decomposing MSW. The results of waste biodegradation were compared with that of the leachate-recirculated landfill simulator and conservative sanitary landfill simulator. In the control experiment the antitheses of a decreasing trend of the organic load, measured as biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, was shown. An obvious enhancement of effective disposal from conservative sanitary landfill (CSL) simulator, to the leachate-recirculated landfill (LRL) simulator and to the conditioned bioreactor landfill(CBL) simulator would be noted, through displaying the compared results of solid waste settlement, heavy, metal concentration in leachate, methane production rate, biogas composition, BOD and COD as well as their ratio. 相似文献
992.
Photochemical surface modification of poly(arylsulfone) ultrafiltration membrane and covalent immobilization of enzyme 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The sensitivity of poly(arylsulfone)(PSf) for UV irradiation in different solvents(water and ethanol) was investigated. It is confirmed that acrylic acid(AA) and acrylamide(AAm) are grafted only onto the surface of the membrane instead of the interior by FTIR and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The membrane performance (ΔJ/J0 and contact angle θ) after photografting was studied. In the range of conditions used, the grafting yield increases with irradiation time and monomer concentration growing. After photografting and N-3-dimethylaminopropyl-N‘-ethycarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC) activation, PSf membrane was immobilized with hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, and showed a higher activity than the control membrane. 相似文献
993.
采用生物行为传感器监测青鳉鱼在重金属铜暴露下的行为数据,分析不同暴露浓度(20、10、5、1和0.1 TU)下青鳉鱼的行为响应。20、10、5、1和0.1 TU的暴露浓度下青鳉鱼对重金属污染的行为反应模式符合环境胁迫阈值模型,且不同浓度梯度重金属对青鳉鱼产生不同的行为毒性效应。利用重金属作用下青鳉鱼的行为变化来研究重金属环境胁迫导致的生物行为响应机制,从而得到重金属暴露下生物行为的实时变化过程和趋势,可对水环境生态系统质量进行综合评价。 相似文献
994.
洗涤剂富磷污染及其对策 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
介绍了国内湖海水域富磷污染的现状,指出含磷洗涤剂的使用是造成富磷污染的主要原因,提出了解决富磷污染的对策及适合中国国情的洗涤剂发展方向。 相似文献
995.
三峡水库成库初期营养盐与浮游植物分布特征 总被引:13,自引:8,他引:5
根据2003-09-08~2003-09-15航行11个点位测试数据,分析了三峡水库成库后营养元素及浮游生物量的分布特征,初步探讨了营养盐分布与Chla的关系.结果表明,调查区域营养盐浓度较高,其中TN各测点均超过国家地表水环境质量标准Ⅲ类水标准,含量范围为1.01~1.35 mg·L-1.TP含量范围为0.028~0.054 mg·L-1;K含量范围为2.80~3.44 mg·L-1;TOC含量范围为1.92~2.59 mg·L-1,Chla含量范围为1.58~7.35mg·m-3,平均浓度为4.69 mg·m-3.利用相关分析方法,分析了Chla与营养盐之间的关系,表明Chla与NO3--N成显著正相关(r=0.728 7);与浊度成显著负相关(r=-0.920 7).利用系统聚类方法分析三峡水库水体指标,随长江流向明显分为3类,即上游区(长寿、涪陵、丰都、忠县)、中游区(万州、云阳、奉节)和下游区(巫山).硅藻在4个测点均为优势种群,占总量的86%,平均为129 844个/L,浮游植物量沿水流方向有增高趋势. 相似文献
996.
Changes of Land Use and of Ecosystem Service Values in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Wang Z Zhang B Zhang S Li X Liu D Song K Li J Li F Duan H 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,112(1-3):69-91
Agricultural activities, especially reclamation, are considered major threats to the wetland ecosystems in Sanjiang Plain,
the largest concentrated area of the freshwater wetlands in China. In the past decades, the area of the cultivated land and
its grain production have been increased at the cost of wetlands shrinkage. The large-scale land reclamation severely affected
the ecosystems in this region. However, such effects at the regional scale are seldom evaluated quantitatively. We used three
datasets of LANDSAT MSS and/or TM imagery to estimate the area changes and the transition of land use types from 1980 to 2000.
We also valued changes in ecosystem services delivered by each land category using value coefficients published by Costanza
et al. [Nature 387, 1997, 253–260]. Sensitivity analysis suggested that these estimates were relatively robust. Finally, the contribution
of various ecosystem functions was ranked to the overall value of the ecosystem services in this study. According to our estimates,
the total annual ecosystem service values in Sanjiang Plain have declined by about 40% between 1980 and 2000 ($156284–182572.18
million in total over 20 years). This substantial decline is largely attributed to the 53.4% loss of wetlands. For individual
ecosystem functions, waste treatment, water supply and disturbance regulation account for more than 60% to the total ecological
values. During those two decades, the contribution of disturbance regulation, cultural and recreation decreased, while the
contribution of water regulation, nutrient cycling, food production, raw materials and climate regulation increased during
the same period. We also put forward a few proposals concerning the future land use policy formulation and sustainable ecosystems.
They are adjusting the ‘food first’ agricultural policy, establishing more nature reserves for wetlands, creating systems
for the rational use of water, harnessing the degraded cultivated land and encouraging eco-tourism. 相似文献
997.
聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂的性能研究 总被引:61,自引:3,他引:58
以硅酸钠、硫酸和硫酸铁为原料制备聚硅酸硫酸铁混凝剂(简称PFSS),考察了PFSS在不同条件下水解产物表面的ζ电位变化情况,研究了Fe/SiO2摩尔比和投加量对PFSS除浊效果的影响,试验了PFSS的最佳混凝pH范围与Fe/SiO2摩尔比之间的关系,探讨了其混凝机理.结果表明,Fe/SiO2摩尔比对PFSS水解产物的ζ电位、PF-SS的混凝效果以及PFSS适宜的最佳pH值范围都有影响;当Fe/SiO2摩尔比达1.5左右时,PFSS的混凝除浊效果趋于最佳. 相似文献
998.
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