大型仓库防火分区问题性能化设计研究

本文运用性能化设计方法对某大型仓库防火分区问题进行分析说明,其结果勿需对空间进行实体分隔,从而实现动态分区。为了实现了动态分区,通过采用合理的消防对策和减少火灾时热释放速率的方法,防止火灾扩散和蔓延。本文运用ISO9705实验装置研究了该仓库内主要可燃物(轮胎)在不同堆放方式下的热释放速率,通过确定可燃物堆放方式来减少该仓库的热释放速率,由于研究结果表明了可燃物水平堆放比垂直堆放的热释放速率小得多,从而可燃物应水平堆放;同时本文也对采用标准喷头和快速响应早期抑制喷头的自动喷水灭火系统分别进行了科学计算,比较二者的结果所得：标准喷头不能实现对着火源的控制,而快速响应早期抑制喷头可以对着火源的控制,该仓库的自动喷水灭火系统采用快速响应早期抑制喷头可以将火势控制在一定的范围内,火源上方(z=6．8m)温度分布也表明该仓库不需要进行钢结构保护。     

生命价值的实证研究

笔者所研究的生命特指人的生命 ,所讨论的价值 ,是经济学意义上的价值。论文首先从理论与实践两个角度提出了测定生命价值的必要性 ,在深入探讨与本论文相关的人、生命、价值等概念后 ,对生命价值概念分 3个层次进行了界定。通过对价值理论的比较 ,选择马克思的劳动价值论及其最新研究成果与现代人力资本理论作为立论的基础 ,重点探讨了生命价值的决定理论 ,包括生命价值形成过程、人力资源和人力资本与生命价值的关系、生命价值的变化规律等。在借鉴国内外计算方法的基础上 ,分别就青少年、成年人、老年人设计了生命价值计算模型 ,并重点对成年人生命价值计算模型进行了检验与应用 ,对具有代表性的成年体力劳动者的生命价值进行了测算 ,结果比较合理 ,且与世界银行的估计值接近。论文在宏观方面为完善社会主义市场经济体制 ,充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用 ,实现人的全面发展将起到积极作用 ,并为国家制定安全、环保、社保政策提供了科学依据 ;在微观方面为个人在各种事故中的赔偿和涉及人身的各种民事诉讼提供仲裁或判决依据。     

Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Polypropylene/Poly(ethylene-co-octene) Blends

The polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene-co-octene) (POE) blends was prepared by means of a twin screw extruder in a range of temperature from 185 to 195 °C. The mechanical properties including tensile, flexural and impact of the PP/POE blends were measured at room temperature to identify the effect of the POE content on the mechanical properties. It was found that the Young’s modulus, tensile strength and tensile elongation at break decreased nonlinearly with increasing the POE weight fraction. While the V-notched and unnotched impact fracture strength increased nonlinearly with an increase of the POE weight fraction. The flexural modulus and strength decreased roughly linearly with increasing the POE weight fraction. Furthermore, the impact fracture surface of the blends was observed by using a scanning electronic microscope and the toughening mechanisms were discussed.     

絮凝—γ射线辐照技术处理印染废水

采用絮凝—γ射线辐照技术处理印染废水,研究了最佳絮凝条件以及吸收剂量率、吸收剂量、废水pH和H2O2浓度对废水辐照处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:采用絮凝和辐照技术联用对印染废水的处理效果明显优于两个方法单独使用的效果;辐照可以显著降低废水中COD、TOC、TC和苯胺类物质的含量,并提高废水的可生化性;吸收剂量率对废水处理效果影响不大;随废水中H2O2浓度增加,COD、TOC、TIC及苯胺类含量均有所下降.     

地下储库油气爆炸及抑爆机理与技术研究

针对地下储库受限空间的特点和油气爆炸抑制的需要.在前期所完成的系统油气爆炸试验和理论研究的基础上,采用超细冷气溶胶抑爆新技术,建立地下受限空间油气爆炸及其抑爆模拟试验系统,研制出新型超细冷气溶胶粉体抑爆剂,并对其进行可行性与有效性研究.对地下受限空间油气爆炸抑制的影响因素进行研究,分析了抑爆剂作用机理.结果表明:超细冷气溶胶是一种高效的抑制地下储库油气爆炸的抑爆剂;在相同试验条件下,迎着火焰传播方向喷射抑爆剂的抑爆效果优于垂直火焰传播方向喷射抑爆剂;喷射压力存在临界值,较小较大都不利于油气爆炸抑制,在本文试验条件下.最佳抑爆效果的喷射压力临界值约为0.8 Mpa;抑爆剂用量不能低于临界抑爆浓度,实验得到的抑爆刑临界浓度为0.232 ks/m3;布置方式对抑爆效果具有明显的影响.分散布置比集中布置具有更好的抑爆效果.本文的研究对后续抑爆装置的研制提供了重要的理论参考和关键设计参数.     

三维脚型测量技术及方法的研究

本文阐述了人体脚型的测量方法及特点,比较后得出人工测量与三维扫描测量技术之间的差别。以YETI三维脚型扫描仪为模型,详细分析了脚型扫描仪的结构原理,摸索并提出了简单实用的测量方法,讨论了YETI三维脚型扫描仪获得的原始数据、脚型横截面以及脚型投影图的特点。     

Water Network Synthesis Using Mutation-Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization

Different techniques for the synthesis of industrial water reuse/recycle networks have been developed in recent process integration research. These tools range from graphical pinch analysis approaches to mathematical programming models. The latter have the advantage of being flexible enough to incorporate various water network constraints, but in many cases these are often non-linear, thus making the identification of global optima difficult. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), for finding good solutions these problems. This work describes the use of a modified PSO for solving mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models for water network synthesis. By incorporating a mutation operator for the binary variables in the model, the algorithm is able to escape sub-optimal network topologies and proceed towards better solutions than can be found with ordinary PSO. Two case studies involving water recycle/reuse are used to demonstrate the new design methodology.     

Planar detonation structure for chain-branching kinetics with large activation energy and small initiation rate

The structure of the steady planar detonation wave is analyzed for three-step chain-branching kinetics consistent with hydrogen–air chemistry. The initiation and chain-branching steps are described by an Arrhenius rate. Both are thermally neutral, so that heat release is due to termination. The initiation rate is typically very low and very stiff. As a result, a small fraction of the reactant is consumed in the initiation region, which is very long but ends in an exponential chain-branching explosion. Next, the reactant is rapidly converted into chain-branching radicals, within a very thin zone, which ends when the concentration of the chain-branching radical reaches a peak, because of reactant depletion. Finally, the termination step consumes the chain-branching radicals and releases heat within a region thicker than the peak zone, but much thinner than the initiation region. The analysis is based upon two assumptions: that the chain-branching activation energy is high and that initiation is slow. The structure of the initiation and chain-branching zones is different for post-shock states within or outside the explosion region in the chain-branching diagram. In the former situation, chain-branching is already stronger than termination at the von Neumann point, and vice versa. In the no-explosion case, the initiation zone becomes very long, while the little chain-branching specie produced by initiation is directly converted into product by the termination step. Temperature increases slowly until reaching the explosion curve, when chain-branching becomes stronger than termination. The subsequent structure is similar to the explosion case.     

消防射水对导线火烧熔痕金相组织的影响

模拟火灾现场,制作不同线径铜导线的火烧熔珠,然后在不同温度下对熔珠进行冷却.利用金相显微镜对火烧熔珠的金相组织进行观察,发现铜导线火烧熔痕在不同温度下经消防射水冷却后,会出现类似一次短路和二次短路熔痕的金相组织.