厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内污泥颗粒化对固液分离效果的影响

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器在较高的COD容积负荷和水力负荷下稳定运行的关键是要有良好的固液分离,而固液分离的必要条件是污泥的沉降速度大于混合液在三相分离器的沉降区的最小断面上的向上流速。通过小型装置的试验表明,污泥的沉降速度与污泥的性状和浓度有关,使反应器内的污泥颗粒化能改善污泥沉降性、提高固液分离效果,使反应器能在相当高的COD容积负荷(20—30kgCOD/m~3·d)和水力负荷(0.8m~3/m~2·h)下稳定运行。本文叙述了厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内的污泥颗粒化过程,并简要地讨论了培养颗粒污泥的基本条件。     

重庆市暴雨规律及其引发的灾害初探

暴雨是重庆市的主要灾害性天气之一，它直接或间接诱发出洪，泥石流，滑坡等山地灾害，研究暴雨规律对山地灾害预警和防灾减灾具有重要意义，本文依据重庆市1951－2000年的气象资料和灾害资料，采用谐波分析等手段分析出重庆市暴雨的年内，年际等时间分布规律和地域，城乡，迁移等空间分布规律，进而探讨了暴雨灾害特点，类型及灾害链，并提出了防治对策和措施。     

故障安全控制系统在催化裂化装置的应用

介绍霍尼韦尔公司故障安全控制系统FSC的技术特点以及在我厂重油催化裂化装置的应用情况，说明了该装置故障安全控制系统组成和操作界面，并总结了应用效果。     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

南水北调中线不同调水方案下的汉江水华发生概率分析

为评估南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响，从汉江水华的成因机理分析入手，提出了汉江水华发生概率的计算模型．该模型由河流一维水动力学模型、水体富营养化模型以及随机数生成模型组成，它不仅可以模拟汉江水华的发生机理，而且可以对诱发水华的各种因子进行随机抽样组合，从而求出中线调水不同方案实施后汉江水华的发生概率．计算结果表明，在现状情况下汉江水华的发生概率为9．2％，南水北调中线各调水方案（无引江济汉工程）实施后，汉江水华发生的概率将有一定程度的增加，而如果调水方案与引江济汉工程同时兴建将大大减少汉江水华发生的概率．最后提出建议，汉江自身的水污染治理是减少水华发生概率的最根本措施，而丹江口水库和引江济汉工程的联合调度将会减小汉江水华发生的概率．     

Turnover mechanisms of organic conformation on turbidity in drinking water

The turbidity variation in artificial water and samples from a water plant was investigated in the presence of organics with different relative molecular mass. The results show that recessive turbidity existed when water chemical conditions were changing. The formation of turbidity depended on organic relative molecular mass and their conformations on particles. At higher pH and lower ionic strength, the organic chains with a more extended conformation resulted in rising turbidity of the suspension. At lower pH, the reconformation of organics took place due to charge neutralization by the proton, resulting in a decline in turbidity. The addition of NaCl and MgCl₂ at pH 7.00 also resulted in a decrease of turbidity in the suspension. It is believed that the occurrence of recessive turbidity has a significant influence on the stability of water supply quality.     

两种共生模式之比较

在对两种共生模式—生态工业园和绿色供应链作了基本解释和案例分析后，比较了这两种模式的共性和异性，得出了它们在生态工业体系建设中具有统一性和互补性的结论，对建设城市生态工业体系提出了看法。     

金属板料成形摩擦机理研究

对不锈钢板料和碳钢在金属塑性成形时 (高接触压力 )的摩擦机理进行了实验研究 ,分析了压力对滑动阻力和摩擦系数的影响 ,得出了随压力增大摩擦系数逐渐变小的结论 ,从而为应用有限元法进行板料成形过程中塑性变形的计算机模拟提供真实的边界条件打下了基础。     

环境影响综合评价灰色层次模型研究

针对水电工程环境影响综合评价问题，应用拓展的灰关联理论和最小二乘准则，建立了环境影响综合评价的灰色层次模型。以东江水电工程环境影响综合评价为实例说明了该模型的合理性、可信性。结果表明：此基工程使环境总体向理想的１８．１％     

大窑湾疏浚水环境要素变化特征及其相关关系

根据大窑湾后６个泊位疏浚工程本底调查和疏浚监测结果，借助因子分析探讨了疏浚前后水环境要素的变化特征及相关关系，找出了控制污染物分布的主要因子，评价了疏浚对海洋环境的影响。