基于制造业及劳动力异质性的环境规制就业效应

将环境规制的就业影响识别为：劳动投入-污染排放弹性、环境规制的相对成本和环境规制-污染排放弹性,并利用2003~2017年的制造业行业面板数据进行实证检验.结果表明：环境规制对制造业总体就业造成显著负向影响,且该影响主要体现在劳动密集型行业中,其研发和非研发人员均受到显著负向冲击;资本密集型行业受影响不显著;技术密集型行业总体就业和非研发人员就业受到显著正向影响.弹性和相对成本测算表明,劳动密集型行业受到规模（减小）、挤出、技术替代等多效应的负向冲击;技术密集型行业受规模（增大）效应和就业创造效应的正向促进;资本密集型行业中各效应均不明显.建议有关部门通过减排成本补贴、劳动力技能培训、新型环保产业培育等措施减少环境规制的负向就业影响.     

UV/Fe2+/过硫酸盐降解噻虫啉的响应曲面法优化研究

构建了紫外-亚铁联合活化过硫酸盐的体系用于高效降解噻虫啉（Tiacloprid,THIA）,以Fe²⁺浓度、过硫酸盐（Persulfate,PS）浓度、pH值、紫外功率为因变量,THIA去除率为响应值,通过中心复合设计法（Central Composite Design,CCD）建立因素和响应值之间的数学模型.模型拟合结果显示,当Fe²⁺浓度为0.318mmol/L,PS浓度为0.544mmol/L,pH值为3.054和紫外功率为58.133W时,模型预测THIA降解率最高为100%.验证实验结果（98.4%）与预测值基本一致,证明了响应曲面法用于优化紫外-亚铁联合活化过硫酸盐体系降解THIA的可行性.     

The risk of whiplash injury in the rear seat compared to the front seat in rear impacts

One hundred ninety-five rear impacts with both front- and rear-seat occupants in the struck car, where at least one occupant sustained permanent disability, were selected for study. There was a significantly higher disability risk for the female rear-seat occupant compared with the male driver. Furthermore, a higher risk was found for female rear-seat occupants compared with female front-seat passengers. The disability risk for occupants of the driver's seat was three times higher for females than for males, and four times higher for females in the rear seat. In the future, test methods should consider the risk of whiplash injury in both the front and the rear seat.     

原子吸收分光光度法测定水中锌的不确定度评定

参照JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》的技术规范，通过对原子吸收分光光度法测定水质Zn标准样品过程的分析．阐明了Zn测量不确定度的评定步骤和评定方法，归纳提出了影响水样中Zn测量不确定度的主要因素和不确定度分量的主要来源，并给出了相对标准不确定度分量，得出了该Zn标准样品测量不确定度的评定结果：扩展不确定度为U=0．012mg／L，或相对不确定度为3．5％。结论：评定程序和方法符合技术规范要求，操作简便、结果可靠，有较高的应用价值。     

Distribution and structure of benthic assemblages in Puget Sound,Washington, USA

Benthic infauna was collected with a 0.2 m² van Veen grab at 48 stations in Puget Sound, Washington, USA during February–March 1969. All the crustaceans, lamellibranchs, and echinoderms were identified and counted. Particle size distributions and nitrogen contents of the sediments, depths, and temperature and salinity of the bottom water were determined at all stations. The first three factors of a factor analysis applied to between-stations measures of affinity, explained 41.26% of the total variance. The first factor had representative stations on shallow-water mud bottoms, the second factor on bottoms dominated by coarse sediments, and the third factor had representative stations on deep-water mud bottoms. The multiple correlation coefficients for each of the three factors with depth and mean particle size of the sediments were 0.752, 0.897, and 0.706, respectively. The factor analysis did not result in clusters of stations that could be interpreted as discrete benthic communities. The number of species per 0.6 m² ranged from 8 to 55 species, with a mean of 26.4 species. The frequency distribution of specimens among the species was in good agreement with a log-normal distribution. The number of specimens per 0.6 m² ranged from 57 to 1733 specimens, with a mean of 584.0 specimens. The species diversity ranged from 0.34 bits/individual to 4.35 bits/individual, and there was a weak trend of increasing diversity towards coarser sediments. The first three factors applied to the matrix of between-species correlation coefficients explained 43.72% of the total variance. With each factor there was one group of species with high positive loadings and one group with high negative loadings. Each group of species could be identified with particular environments. The standing crop, measured as ash-free dry weight, ranged from 0.490 to 54.093 g/m², with a mean of 13.752 g/m². Only about 24% of the variability in standing crop could be attributed to variability in sediment types, nitrogen content in the sediments, salinity of the bottom water, and depth.     

高层建筑管道井内烟气运动大涡模拟

采用火灾过程的场模拟理论,以大涡模拟为基础,分析了火灾烟气流动过程的动力学特征;为了验证大涡模拟数值方法的准确性,针对Mercier和Jaluria竖井内的实验工况进行了模拟研究,其模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明大涡模拟可以较好地预测竖井内烟气流动情况;通过设定不同的火灾场景,对不同火源功率和不同几何尺寸条件下管道井内烟气的流动过程进行了数值模拟,其结果给出了不同的几何尺寸和火源功率对管道井内所形成“烟囱效应”的影响情况。笔者的模拟和研究表明:大涡模拟可较准确地预测高层建筑管道井内烟气的流动状态,对高层建筑的防火设计具有指导性作用。     

分体式空调室外机排热对周围环境的影响

利用FLUENT软件研究了在有、无自然风情形下空调室外机射流排热的温度场、速度场随室内、环境温度变化的规律,并通过空调室外机卷吸的空气流量计算疏散空调排热所消耗的自然资源量(以能值表示)。结果表明:(1)在有、无自然风情形下,环境温度变化对空调室外机排热的温度场影响显著。(2)在距射流出口前3m处风速分布一致,之后则有所不同,但整体而言有自然风情形下风速分布较无自然风时衰减更快。(3)室内和环境温度都较高时空调室外机卷吸的空气流量较大,距射流出口3m之后温度每变化1℃时卷吸空气流量基本相同。(4)在室内和环境温度不变时,有自然风时较无自然风时卷吸的空气流量小,无自然风情形下疏散空调排热所消耗的自然资源量是有自然风情形下的1.1倍以上。     

甘氨酸厂工业废水蒸发冷凝液的治理

采用Fenton氧化法对含有高浓度COD的冷凝水进行了试验研究.结果表明,在[H₂O₂]/[Fe²⁺]=3.6:1、温度为30℃、 3.0的条件下,COD pH的去除率为 65%;在加入紫外光照射的情况下,冷凝液的 COD 去除率可提高到 77%.     

基于监测数据的边坡参数统计特征及可靠度更新∗

掌握详细的边坡岩土体参数信息是进行边坡加固与风险评估的重要前提。目前大多采用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛模拟方法基于现场或室内试验数据进行不确定性参数统计信息及边坡可靠度更新。然而,该方法存在计算量大、计算结果不易收敛和难以解决高维边坡不确定性参数统计特征及可靠度更新等问题。本文基于粒子群优化反向传播神经网络算法建立边坡位移代理模型优化计算过程,提出了改进的基于子集模拟的贝叶斯更新方法,进而基于边坡变形监测数据进行参数统计特征及可靠度更新。最后,将提出方法应用到长春西客站深基坑边坡工程。 结果表明：提出方法能够融合有限的场地信息有效地更新边坡岩土体参数统计特征,推断其后验概率密度函数,进而更新边坡失效概率。利用更新的土体参数计算的边坡位移与实测数据吻合,验证了提出方法的适用性和有效性。另外融合监测数据进行贝叶斯更新之后,虽然土体参数的不确定性明显降低,但是边坡失效概率受外界气温、 监测点位置及数据量值的影响会增大。     

Levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury (Hg) in seabird eggs from Northern Norway

The main objective of this study was to investigate possible temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and mercury in eggs of herring gulls (Larus argentatus), black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), common guillemots (Uria aalge) and Atlantic puffins (Fratercula arctica) in Northern Norway. Eggs were collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003. Egg concentrations of POPs (PCB congeners IUPAC numbers: CB-28, 74, 66, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, 194, 206, HCB, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, oxychlordane, trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT) and mercury were quantified. Generally, POP levels decreased between 1983 and 2003 in all species. No significant temporal trend in mercury levels was found between 1983 and 2003.