共沉淀法制备铁锌基中高温煤气脱硫剂

采用共沉淀法制备Cu—Zn—Fe脱硫剂,优化共沉淀制备工艺。固定床实验结果表明,共沉淀溶液中金属离子总浓度为0．6mol／L,焙烧温度600℃,添加10％活性助剂Cu时所得Cu—Zn—Fe脱硫剂循环脱硫性能最佳,此时ZFDCu10脱硫剂的硫容可达到41．2gS／100g脱硫剂。XRD和SEM对铁锌基脱硫剂的表征结果表明,加入Cu助剂后少量的ZnO、CuO可阻碍ZnFe2O4晶粒聚集,增强铁锌基脱硫剂活性组分的分散性,避免大晶粒的ZnFe2O4硫化时形成较多的产物层而降低脱硫剂的利用率。实验结果为制备脱硫性能较好的Cu-Zn-Fe脱硫剂提供了理论依据。     

物化强化预处理对化工园区废水中典型污染物转化的影响

以江苏省某化工园区污水处理厂的原水为研究对象,分别采用臭氧氧化、铁碳微电解、Fenton氧化3种物化法对其进行强化预处理,并运用GC-MS技术对典型污染物进行了分析。实验结果表明:臭氧氧化、Fenton氧化、铁碳微电解3种物化法在最佳条件下对COD的去除率分别为8.0%,51.3%,45.6%;在提高可生化性方面,臭氧氧化法效果最好,使废水的BOD_5/COD从0.112提高到0.184,Fenton氧化法和铁碳微电解法的BOD_5/COD分别为0.150和0.123;经物化预处理后,废水中的环状物质会出现开环,同时直链物质增多,但苯环、脂类及杂环等难生物降解物质依然存在;若要单纯提高废水的可生化性,建议选用臭氧氧化法;若对去除COD及提高可生化性皆有要求,建议选用铁碳微电解法。     

秦皇岛市水土保持工作存在的问题及对策

自水保法颁布实施以来,秦皇岛市的水土保持工作取得了巨大成效;全市共出台县级以上水土保持规范性文件15个;工程建设力度不断加大,综合治理水土流失面积1 619 km2;宣传教育活动深入开展,人们的水保意识普遍增强。然而,在新形势下还存在着宣传不到位、投入不足、治理思路老化、重治理轻预防、执法队伍素质低等诸多问题。因此,针对我市目前水土保持工作存在的问题,提出六项保证措施,推进水土保持工作健康发展。     

钛掺杂氧化铋紫外光催化降解水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)

通过水热法制备了Ti(Ⅳ)掺杂Bi_2O_3(BTO),采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其形貌和结构进行表征,并考察了钛掺杂氧化铋光催化降解水中PFOA的降解效果,发现PFOA的降解符合一级反应动力学,其降解速率常数为-0.2 h~(-1),比商业用纳米二氧化钛P25提高了6.8倍.表征结果证明,BTO存在多孔结构,能够增加反应活性位点,提高光催化活性面积.同时,自由基捕获实验和中间产物分析表明,光生空穴对PFOA的断链分解起决定性作用;同时Bi—O—Ti表面基团吸附PFOA并弱化了C—F键,导致光生电子可自由移至C—F键上并实现还原脱氟;光生电子和空穴在功能上相互配合,实现了对PFOA的协同降解;PFOA的降解过程受还原性物质主导,通过C—C键的断裂生成短链全氟羧酸类物质.     

Triboelectric charging behavior of wood particles during pellet handling processes

Electrostatic charges accumulated on wood particles through triboelectrification during their transportation and handling processes can cause hazardous electrical discharge which may further trigger dust explosion. In this work, tribo-charging behavior of different kinds of wood particles was investigated by a vibrating plate charging method. It was found that reduction in the work function difference between contact bodies might contribute to the reduction of tribo-charge generation, while the reduction of electrical resistivity of wood pellets could effectively accelerate the charge dissipation. As the particle size decreases, accumulated charges increase significantly. In contrast, higher moisture content of wood particles leads to lower charge accumulation due to an accelerated charge dissipation rate. Tribo-charging behaviors of white pellets, torrefied pellet, steam treated pellets and dark pellets have also been investigated. Compared to the white pellets, they all have shown a reduction on charge accumulation to some extent. However, results suggested that all of them have nearly equivalent tribo-charge density as coal and wheat grains used as references in this study.     

SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MEASURES FOR THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION IN THE LHASA AREA,TIBET

TheecologicalenvironmentconstructionisoneofthemajortasksoftheWestChinaDevelop ment.Humanactivities ,especiallytheirrationalexploitationandutilizationofresources ,areoneofro otsoftheecologicalenvironmentalproblems ,sotheecologicalenvironmentconstructionneedshaveaseriesofauxiliarysocial,economicandinstitutionalmeasurestoensureitssmoothlyfulfillment.ThisarticletakestheLhasaarea (includingNy^emoCounty ,Q櫣ｘ櫣Ｃｏｕｎｔｙ ,Doilungd^eq^enCounty ,Dagz^eCounty ,MaizhokunggarCounty ,Lh櫣ｎｚｈｕ…     

The distribution and sea–air transfer of volatile mercury in waste post-desulfurization seawater discharged from a coal-fired power plant

The waste seawater discharged in coastal areas from coal-fired power plants equipped with a seawater desulfurization system might carry pollutants such as mercury from the flue gas into the adjacent seas. However, only very limited impact studies have been carried out. Taking a typical plant in Xiamen as an example, the present study targeted the distribution and sea–air transfer flux of volatile mercury in seawater, in order to trace the fate of the discharged mercury other than into the sediments. Samples from 28 sampling sites were collected in the sea area around two discharge outlets of the plant, daily and seasonally. Total mercury, dissolved gaseous mercury and dissolved total mercury in the seawater, as well as gaseous elemental mercury above the sea surface, were investigated. Mean concentrations of dissolved gaseous mercury and gaseous elemental mercury in the area were 183 and 4.48 ng m^?3 in summer and 116 and 3.92 ng m^?3 in winter, which were significantly higher than those at a reference site. Based on the flux calculation, the transfer of volatile mercury was from the sea surface into the atmosphere, and more than 4.4 kg mercury, accounting for at least 2.2 % of the total discharge amount of the coal-fired power plant in the sampling area (1 km²), was emitted to the air annually. This study strongly suggested that besides being deposited into the sediment and diluted with seawater, emission into the atmosphere was an important fate for the mercury from the waste seawater from coal-fired power plants.     

生猪养殖适度规模:产出、效益与环境——基于全国8省份1484个养殖户数据的实证

近年来，我国生猪养殖市场产生了剧烈波动，也催生了对生猪养殖适度规模问题的思考。本文基于8省份1484份生猪养殖户的调查数据，采用Translog生产函数和C-D生产函数，从产出、效益和环境三个维度对生猪养殖规模效应进行实证研究。研究表明：生猪养殖规模与环境污染之间存在倒“U”形关系；综合考虑产出、效益和环境三个方面，适度规模应为年出栏1000~1999头；养殖经验对生猪养殖的产出和效益影响显著，环保认知和参加培训状况对环境污染影响显著。基于此，积极引导养殖户合理科学扩大养殖规模、增强环境意识，提升生猪养殖从业人员长期经营的驱动力，对促进养殖行业绿色发展具有重要意义。     

Effect of environmental factors on the complexation of iron and humic acid

A method of size exclusion chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and off-line graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed to assess the complexation properties of iron(Fe) and humic acid(HA) in a water environment. The factors affecting the complexation of Fe and HA, such as ionic strength, p H, temperature and UV radiation, were investigated. The Fe–HA complex residence time was also studied. Experimental results showed that p H could influence the deprotonation of HA and hydrolysis of Fe, and thus affected the complexation of Fe and HA. The complexation was greatly disrupted by the presence of Na Cl. Temperature had some influence on the complexation. The yield of Fe–HA complexes showed a small decrease at high levels of UV radiation, but the effect of UV radiation on Fe–HA complex formation at natural levels could be neglected. It took about 10 hr for the complexation to reach equilibrium, and the Fe–HA complex residence time was about 20 hr.Complexation of Fe and HA reached a maximum level under the conditions of p H 6, very low ionic strength, in the dark and at a water temperature of about 25°C, for 10 hr. It was suggested that the Fe–HA complex could form mainly in freshwater bodies and reach high levels in the warm season with mild sunlight radiation. With changing environmental parameters, such as at lower temperature in winter or higher p H and ionic strength in an estuary, the concentration of the Fe–HA complex would decrease.     

预制上筒⁃基础杯口嵌入型连接结构受力特性分析∗

当前装配式结构和工业化建造是土木工程重点发展的方向,预制上筒-基础杯口嵌入型连接结构作为近海土木工程领域典型的装配式结构,具有基础性研究意义.采用刚性理论方法、有限单元法、弹性理论方法对该类型连接结构受力特性进行研究,推导相关理论计算公式,并基于工程计算实例进行对比分析.研究发现,若灌浆粘结可靠、杯口和上筒之间固接时,结构变形较小;若灌浆粘结失效,杯口和上筒之间发生摩擦滑移而产生较大位移,且上筒变位随杯口高度增加而减小,当杯口高度在3.0m及以上时,变位数值较为合理.相对刚性理论计算公式,基于上筒变形形态、接触摩擦传力方式建立的简化弹性理论公式与有限单元法结果误差较小;其中杯口高度为2.0m时,平均误差约10％,杯口高度为3.0m、4.0m时,平均误差降低为7％、6％左右,结果较为接近;计算结果验证了简化弹性理论公式的合理可行性.