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971.
ResourcefulecologicaltreatmentofwastewaterinurbanecosystemSongYufang;SunTieheng;GongPing;ChangZhijun(InstituteofAppliedEcolog... 相似文献
972.
采用直接淋浸法对风化铬渣及新鲜铬渣进行了六谷铬溶出的条件试验,60min的浸泡时间,80目以下的粒度对渣水比250g/200mL的新渣中Cr(VI)浸出率达69.4%,渣水比250g/200mL,500g/400mL,750g/600mL的风化渣中Cr(VI)的总溶出率分别为70.2%,86.3%,94.0%,其中第一次淋滤溶出率分别达48.1%,70.0%,81.6%,低PH值的淋浸水有利于Cr(VI)的浸出,在PH值为3时溶出率达高峰,Cr(VI)浸出质量比自然条件(近中性)高出14.1%-16.3%,增大管径和降低装置的滤面负荷可提高浸出效果,在直径80mm管径,500g铬渣装填料,滤面负荷9.95g/cm^2时,Cr(VI)溶出率达98.7%,真空抽滤可提高Cr(VI)浸出速率,但降低了滤液中Cr(VI)的浓度和溶出质量,上述试验结果表明了直接淋浸法回收铬渣中六价铬的可行性,并可作为工业化装置的设计参数。 相似文献
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974.
为了了解阜蒙县畜禽养殖业的现状,掌握畜禽养殖业污染特点,对养殖业污染进行了监测,结果表明畜禽养殖造成了对大气和地下水的污染,于是对此提出了控制污染的对策。 相似文献
975.
976.
977.
Jianguo Sun Yangjin Kim Christopher J. Schmitt 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2003,10(4):419-428
The National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program (NCBP) was initiated in 1967 as a component of the National Pesticide Monitoring program. It consists of periodic collection of freshwater fish and other samples and the analysis of the concentrations of persistent environmental contaminants in these samples. For the analysis, the common approach has been to apply the mixed two-way ANOVA model to combined data. A main disadvantage of this method is that it cannot give a detailed temporal trend of the concentrations since the data are grouped. In this paper, we present an alternative approach that performs a longitudinal analysis of the information using random effects models. In the new approach, no grouping is needed and the data are treated as samples from continuous stochastic processes, which seems more appropriate than ANOVA for the problem. 相似文献
978.
Mengsheng Qin Lu Hao Lei Sun Yongqiang Liu Ge Sun 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(1):189-208
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important hydrometeorological term widely used in understanding and projecting the hydrological effects of future climate and land use change. We conducted a case study in the Qinhuai River Basin that is dominated by a humid subtropical climate and mixed land uses in southern China. Long‐term (1961–2012) meteorological data were used to estimate ETo by the FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith model. The individual contribution from each meteorological variable to the trend of ETo was quantified. We found basin‐wide annual ETo decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 3.82 mm/yr during 1961–1987, due to decreased wind speed, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and increased relative humidity (RH). However, due to the increased VPD and decreased RH, the ETo increased significantly (p < 0.05) in spring, autumn, and annually at a rate of 2.55, 0.56, and 3.16 mm/yr during 1988–2012, respectively. The aerodynamic term was a dominant factor controlling ETo variation in both two periods. We concluded the key climatic controls on ETo have shifted as a result of global climate change during 1961–2012. The atmospheric demand, instead of air temperature alone, was a major control on ETo. Models for accurately predicting ETo and hydrological change under a changing climate must include VPD in the study region. The shifts of climatic control on the hydrological cycles should be considered in future water resource management in humid regions. 相似文献
979.
To manage potential microbial risks and meet increasingly strict drinking water health standards, UV treatment has attracted increasing attention for use in drinking water systems in China. However, the effects of UV treatment on microbial control and disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation in real municipal drinking water systems are poorly understood. Here, we collected water samples from three real drinking water systems in Beijing and Tianjin to investigate the impacts of UV treatment on microbial control and DBP formation. We employed heterotrophic plate count (HPC), flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative PCR analysis, and high-throughput sequencing to measure microorganisms in the samples. Different trends were observed between HPC and total cell count (measured by FCM), indicating that a single indicator could not reflect the real degree of biological re-growth in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). A significant increase in the 16S rRNA gene concentration was observed when the UV system was stopped. Besides, the bacterial community composition was similar at the phylum level but differed markedly at the genera level among the three DWDSs. Some chlorine-resistant bacteria, including potential pathogens (e.g., Acinetobacter) showed a high relative abundance when the UV system was turned off. It can be concluded that UV treatment can mitigate microbial re-growth to some extent. Finally, UV treatment had a limited influence on the formation of DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and nitrogenated DBPs. The findings of this study may help to understand the performance of UV treatment in real drinking water systems. 相似文献
980.
Coal-based olefin (CTO) industry as a complement of traditional petrochemical industry plays vital role in China's national economic development. However, high CO2 emission in CTO industry is one of the fatal problems to hinder its development. In this work, the carbon emission and mitigation potentials by different reduction pathways are evaluated. The economic cost is analyzed and compared as well. According to the industry development plan, the carbon emissions from China's CTO industry will attain 189.43 million ton CO2 (MtCO2) and 314.11 MtCO2 in 2020 and 2030, respectively. With the advanced technology level, the maximal carbon mitigation potential could be attained to 15.3% and 21.9% in 2020 and 2030. If the other optional mitigation ways are combined together, the carbon emission could further reduce to some extent. In general, the order of mitigation potential is followed as: feedstock alteration by natural gas > CO2 hydrogenation with renewable electricity applied > CCS technology. The mitigation cost analysis indicates that on the basis of 2015 situation, the economic penalty for feedstock alteration is the lowest, ranged between 186 and 451 CNY/tCO2, and the cost from CCS technology is ranged between 404 and 562 CNY/tCO2, which is acceptable if the CO2 enhanced oil recovery and carbon tax are considered. However, for the CO2 hydrogenation technology, the cost is extremely high and there is almost no application possibility at present. 相似文献