Characterizing ozone pollution in a petrochemical industrial area in Beijing,China: a case study using a chemical reaction model

This study selected a petrochemical industrial complex in Beijing, China, to understand the characteristics of surface ozone (O₃) in this industrial area through the on-site measurement campaign during the July–August of 2010 and 2011, and to reveal the response of local O₃ to its precursors’ emissions through the NCAR-Master Mechanism model (NCAR-MM) simulation. Measurement results showed that the O₃ concentration in this industrial area was significantly higher, with the mean daily average of 124.6 μg/m³ and mean daily maximum of 236.8 μg/m³, which are, respectively, 90.9 and 50.6 % higher than those in Beijing urban area. Moreover, the diurnal O₃ peak generally started up early in 11:00–12:00 and usually remained for 5–6 h, greatly different with the normal diurnal pattern of urban O₃. Then, we used NCAR-MM to simulate the average diurnal variation of photochemical O₃ in sunny days of August 2010 in both industrial and urban areas. A good agreement in O₃ diurnal variation pattern and in O₃ relative level was obtained for both areas. For example of O₃ daily maximum, the calculated value in the industrial area was about 51 % higher than in the urban area, while measured value in the industrial area was approximately 60 % higher than in the urban area. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of photochemical O₃ to its precursors was conducted based on a set of VOCs/NOx emissions cases. Simulation results implied that in the industrial area, the response of O₃ to VOCs was negative and to NOx was positive under the current conditions, with the sensitivity coefficients of ?0.16~?0.43 and +0.04~+0.06, respectively. By contrast, the urban area was within the VOCs-limitation regime, where ozone enhancement in response to increasing VOCs emissions and to decreasing NOx emission. So, we think that the VOCs emissions control for this petrochemical industrial complex will increase the potential risk of local ozone pollution aggravation, but will be helpful to inhibit the ozone formation in Beijing urban area through reducing the VOCs transport from the industrial area to the urban area.     

酸化处理的活性碳纤维负载氧化镧催化还原NO

采用浸渍法制备了负载La2O3的经HNO3活化的活性碳纤维（La2O3／HNO3／ACF）。研究了La2O3／HNO3／ACF对NO的催化活性,研究结果表明：La2O3／HNO3／ACF的低温催化活性远低于La2O3／ACF和HNO3／ACF;随反应温度升高,La2O3／HNO3／ACF对NO的去除率显著提高。La2O3／HNO3／ACF的高温（350℃以上）催化活性很高,优于La2O3／ACF等其他催化剂,且催化活性稳定性很好。La2O3负载量影响La2O3／HNO3／ACF的催化活性,18％La2O3／HNO3／ACF的高温催化活性和活性稳定性最佳,催化活性维持在10h以上。催化剂的扫描电子显微镜和x射线衍射分析结果表明,负载的La2O3多以非晶状态存在于催化剂的表面和内部的孔隙中。     

新型MnOx/CNTs催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MnOx/CNTs催化剂,用于低温NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的实验.使用BET,FT-IR,TEM和XRD对催化剂进行表征,结果表明:碳纳米管经混酸超声分散,增加了羧基活性基团,锰氧化物颗粒分布较均匀.在模拟烟气条件下,考察了催化剂的MnOx负载量、煅烧温度及质量和烟气流速比(W/F)对NO脱除率的影响.煅烧温度为773 K,MnOx负载量为10%时,NO脱除率达到98.56%;W/F为2～3 mg/(mL·min-1)时NO的脱除率更高.     

Assessing the Eutrophication of Shengzhong Reservoir Based on Grey Clustering Method

Reservoir water environment is a grey system. The grey clustering method is applied to assessing the reservoir water enviromnent to establish a relatively complete model suitable for the reservoir eutrophication evaluation and appropriately evaluate the quality of reservoir water, providing evidence for reservoir management. According to China＇s lakes and reservoir eutrophication criteria and the characteristics of China＇s eutrophication, as well as certain evaluation indices, the degree of eutrophication is classified into six categories with the utilization of grey classified whitening weight function to represent the boundaries of classification, to determine the clustering weight and clustering coefficient of each index in grey classifications, and the classification of each clustering object. The comprehensive evaluation of reservoir eutrophication is established on such a foundation, with Sichuan Shengzhong Reservoir as the survey object and the analysis of the data attained by several typical monitoring points there in 2006. It is found that eutrophication of Tiebian Power Generation Station, Guoyuanchang and Dashiqiao Bridge is the heaviest, Tielusi and Qinggangya the second, and Lijiaba the least. The eutrophication of this reservoir is closely relevant to the irrational exploitation in its surrounding areas, especially to the aggravation of the non-point source pollution and the increase of net-culture fishing. Therefore, it is feasible to use grey clustering in environment quality evaluation, and the point lies in the correct division of grey whitening function     

Research status and development trends in the field of marine environment corrosion: a new perspective

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Corrosion had aroused extensive concern and attention because it was an unavoidable problem for marine equipment and facilities in service. However,...     

重庆市干旱强度时空分布规律研究

根据重庆市34个国家级气象站点1961～2016年的日降水量数据,基于重庆市干旱标准,提出重庆市季节性干旱强度指数及年干旱强度综合指数的新算法,并研究重庆市干旱强度的时空分布规律。结果表明,重庆市季节性干旱强度的区域差异大,渝东北夏旱、秋旱及冬旱严重,渝西部为春旱、夏旱的主要分布区,渝中部伏旱最严重;渝东北除春旱外的其他季节性干旱、渝东南的伏旱及秋旱、渝西的夏旱及伏旱和渝中部的伏旱,其季节性干旱强度指数极值均可达到特重旱标准。年干旱强度具有从渝西部向渝东南减小的分布规律,渝西部地区干旱强度最大,其次是渝中部地区和渝东北地区,渝东南地区干旱强度最小。重庆市季节性干旱强度的时间变化趋势不同,春旱及冬旱强度指数总体上呈减小趋势,伏旱和秋旱强度指数总体上呈增加趋势,夏旱强度指数和年干旱强度综合指数时间变化趋势的地区差异较大。近55年来重庆市年干旱强度综合指数变化具有显著的3 a、5 a和18 a的周期性变化和阶段性变化,Hurst指数预测未来短时间内年干旱强度综合指数将增强。     

辽东湾河口区海洋垃圾赋存特征及管理对策

海洋垃圾已引起国际社会的广泛关注,是当前环境领域热点问题之一.为揭示我国渤海近岸海域海洋垃圾的赋存特征及其分布规律,于2018年丰水期（8月）在辽东湾河口区海域布设6个长度为5~10 km的调查断面,利用拖网同时采集海面漂浮垃圾与海底垃圾,初步调查辽东湾近岸海域海洋垃圾分布和组成特征,并对海洋垃圾来源进行了分析.结果表明:①辽东湾海面漂浮垃圾数量密度为67个/km2,质量密度为741 g/km2;海底垃圾数量密度为19个/km2,质量密度为2 544 g/km2.②在所收集的各类海洋垃圾中,塑料类垃圾数量占比约为50.9%,其中海底塑料类垃圾数量占比（62.1%）明显高于海面漂浮塑料垃圾数量占比（37.5%）.③由塑料垃圾形态特征和表面带有的标识判断,辽东湾近岸海域塑料垃圾主要是来源于生活塑料垃圾（84.9%）和渔业垃圾（15.1%）.在此基础上,建议加强源头管理以减少塑料垃圾进入海洋,主要包括完善当前海洋垃圾分类方法、加强渔业塑料垃圾回收、提升公民保护海洋环境意识和制定国家海洋塑料垃圾行动计划等.      

首届“一带一路”会议期间北京市典型城区空气中VOCs的污染特征及健康风险评价

为研究"一带一路"国际合作高峰论坛在京召开期间北京市典型城区环境空气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征及有毒有害VOCs的健康风险,本研究于2017年5月1—17日,在北京市典型城区利用Airmo VOC在线分析仪进行了观测研究.结果表明,整个观测期间总VOCs质量浓度日均值为29.99μg·m~(-3);空气质量保障期间(5月6—15日),大气中VOCs的浓度低于未采取控制措施的其它阶段,沙尘阶段VOCs浓度由于受到风速和气团传输影响出现最低值;各类VOCs的质量浓度在交通早高峰出现高值.PMF来源解析表明,移动源尾气排放(37.62%)、溶剂使用源(33.25%)、油气挥发源(16.39%)和天然气燃烧源(12.74%)的排放是北京市"一带一路"会议期间环境空气中VOCs的主要来源.化学活性分析表明,芳香烃和烯烃对臭氧生成潜势贡献的占比最多,需要重点控制的VOCs物种为间对二甲苯、甲苯和丙烯.健康风险评价结果表明,研究区整个观测期间及各阶段的苯和1,2-二氯乙烷均存在潜在的致癌风险,14种有毒有害VOCs(包括苯和1,2-二氯乙烷)不存在非致癌风险.     

苯甲酸类化合物好氧生物降解性研究

采用从城市污水处理场活性污泥中培养的混合菌种,研究了苯甲酸、邻一、间一、对-苯二甲酸的生物降解。考察了在50,200,400和600mg/l四个浓度梯度下,四种化合物的浓度与生物降解性的关系。研究了苯环上不同羧基数量和取代基位置不同所表现出的降解难易程度上的差异。研究结果表明,在试验周期内,上述四种化合物均有不同程度的降解,四种化合物的可降解性为:邻-苯二甲酸>苯甲酸>对-苯二甲酸>间-苯二甲酸,在评价实验体系的降解性时引入了体系中细菌对化合物的负荷(mg·l~(-1)/个·ml~(-1)),使采用不同菌种量、不同化合物浓度的不同实验装置的研究结果有了相对的可比性。