我国污水资源化的现状分析与对策探讨

本文简述了国内外污水资源化的历史与现状、污水资源化常规技术及深度污水处理技术的发展与前景展望。对中水回用工程进行了技术经济分析,探讨了工业废水回用的可行性。提出了在我国进一步推广污水资源化措施的对策     

综合管廊电缆火灾窒息灭火试验与数值模拟研究

为研究综合管廊电缆火灾窒息灭火有效性,采用缩尺寸试验与数值模拟方式,研究不同线缆数量、线缆布置间距、线缆分层情况对窒息灭火时间的影响,以及火灾过程中线缆热释放速率、烟气高度、环境温度、CO体积浓度、O₂体积浓度等关键参数的变化,判定最佳防火门关闭时间与电缆火灾窒息灭火时间。研究结果表明：在密闭情况下,线缆数量越多,综合管廊电缆火灾窒息时间越短;对于相同线缆数量,在线缆按一定间距布置情况下,窒息时间更短;对于双层线缆布置,线缆按一定间距布置情况下的窒息时间反而更长;防火门关闭时间t_关为350 s时,可满足人员安全疏散需求;采用窒息灭火方式时,电缆火灾灭火时间t_灭约为1 620 s。研究结果可为地下管廊电缆灭火提供试验方法参考和数据支持。     

溶解性有机碳的主要组成对青鳉鱼铜急性毒性的影响

为揭示溶解性有机碳(DOC)的组成对生物配体模型(BLM)预测铜的生物毒性准确性的影响,研究了不同浓度黄腐酸(FA)、腐殖酸(HA)和两者不同浓度比例混合物影响铜对青鳉急性毒性。结果表明:在相同水质条件下,黄腐酸或腐殖酸浓度增加时,铜对青鳉的LC50均增加;两者共存时,当腐殖酸质量百分比从10%增至90%时,铜对青鳉的LC50也增加。当天然水中DOC的组成不确定时,可假设HA和FA的组成比例为1∶1,此时BLM预测铜对青鳉的LC50的偏差最小。     

ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂再生方法的比较

采用水洗再生、N_2及N_2+NH_3气氛下的热再生以及微波辐射再生的方式对饱和ZnFe_2O_4/活性炭(AC)脱硫剂进行再生,并通过SEM,XRD,TG等技术进行表征。实验结果表明:水洗温度为90℃时,第一次水洗后ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂对SO_2的吸附容量(硫容)为122.0 mg/g;N_2氛围下热再生的最佳温度为500℃,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容可达97.2 mg/g;N_2+NH_3氛围下热再生的最佳温度为400℃,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容达到101.2 mg/g;当微波功率为100 W时,ZnFe_2O_4/AC脱硫剂的硫容为87.2 mg/g。对比三种再生方式,一次水洗再生具有更好的再生效果。     

城市供水管网二次加氯研究进展

传统城市供水管网一般在净水厂实行消毒以减少用户受到病原体及各种水传播疾病的危害.既要保证足够的氯残留,又要减少过量氯产生的气味和可能的消毒副产物(DBPs),传统的消毒方法经常是不可能的.为了解决这对矛盾,二次加氯将会是个很好的解决策略.二次加氯的优势已经吸引了国内外许多专家学者的关注,对二次加氯的研究进展进行了综合的论述,从新的角度对现有的优化模型进行了分类,并比较和推荐了认为可行或相对较好的模型.     

长庆低渗透油田废弃钻井液处理探讨

通过对长庆低渗透油田废弃钻井液性能分析,确定了固液分离-固化一体化处理思路;研究了不同破胶剂体系、破胶剂加量、絮凝剂分子量等对固液分离及出水率的影响;处理结果表明:添加20%粘土同时加入6%固化剂时固化体针入度可降至0.5mm以下,达到强度要求,又可降低成本。现场试验证实固液分离析出水和固化体浸出液均达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

温度对木质纤维素水解与挥发性脂肪酸累积的影响

木质纤维素厌氧消化过程产生的挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）可作为外加碳源投加到人工湿地,解决人工湿地反硝化碳源不足的问题,但温度对木质纤维素厌氧消化生产VFAs过程的影响还有待深入探明。考察上述木质纤维素厌氧消化过程中有机碳源、糖与VFAs的变化规律,试图探明温度（10-55℃）对木质纤维素水解与VFAs累积的影响。研究结果表明,温度升高对木质纤维素的水解具有促进作用,对VFAs产量的影响显著。35℃时是生物质发酵产酸的最优条件,VFAs累积量不仅最早（第10天）达到最高值154mgCOD／g生物质,而且碳源的数量和品质均达到较高的水平。     

Green Synthesis of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Cellulose/Polyvinyl Alcohol Hybride Aerogel and Its Application for Dye Removal

A novel Fe₃O₄/cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) aerogel was successfully synthesized by an eco-friendly and facile method in this work. Cellulose/PVA matrix was prepared through an environmental friendly physical cross-linking process and further in-situ decorated with Fe₃O₄. Series of Fe₃O₄ decorated aerogels were prepared and the effects of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) on the aerogels were systematic investigated. As-prepared aerogels exhibited desirable properties including nanostructure, relatively high porosity, improved mechanical and superparamagnetism. The TEM results showed that Fe₃O₄ NPs were integrated in the three-dimensional matrix of cellulose/PVA with a diameter of 9–12 nm. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the aerogels was significantly enhanced after the introduction of Fe₃O₄ NPs. Meanwhile, the obtained Fe₃O₄/cellulose/PVA aerogel exhibited excellent adsorption performance toward methyl blue dye, and can be reused through fenton-like catalysts oxidative degradation of organic dye in H₂O₂ solution. Therefore, they will have a great potential application as eco-friendly and economical adsorbents.     

Modeling primary and secondary fractionation effects and atmospheric transport of polychlorinated biphenyls through single-source emissions

The Chinese Gridded Industrial Pollutants Emission and Residue Model (ChnGIPERM) was used to investigate potential fractionation effects and atmospheric transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) derived from single-source emissions in China. Modeling the indicative PCBs (CB28, CB101, CB153, and CB180) revealed spatiotemporal trends in atmospheric transport, gas/particle partitioning, and primary and secondary fractionation effects. These included the inference that the Westerlies and East Asian monsoons affect atmospheric transport patterns of PCBs by influencing the atmospheric transport time (ATT). In this study, dispersion pathways with long ATTs in winter tended to have short ones in summer and vice versa. The modeled partitioning of PCB congeners between gas and particles was mainly controlled by temperature, which can further influence the ATT. The potential for primary and secondary fractionation was explored by means of numerical simulations with single-source emissions. Within ChnGIPERM, these phenomena were mainly controlled by the temperature and soil organic carbon content. The secondary fractionation of PCBs is a slow process, with model results suggesting a timescale of several decades.

     

焦化废水治理现状分析

通过对焦化企业性质、废水回用用途、废水处理技术、废水治理投资等方面的调研分析,结果表明,在废水资源综合利用方面,联合型的焦化企业跟独立焦化企业相比,优势非常明显;从节约水资源的角度考虑,必须加大废水资源化利用方面的研究力度,提高废水处理水平。