热荷载与风荷载作用下点式支承玻璃的破裂行为规律

在高层建筑火灾中,玻璃幕墙的破裂受到环境风和室内火灾的共同影响。研究了600 mm×600 mm×6mm的浮法玻璃幕墙在点支承安装方式下受到热辐射荷载和风荷载情况下的响应规律。分析了不同工况下玻璃表面的温度变化、风荷载的大小与玻璃破裂时间的关系、玻璃破裂与温差之间的关系、玻璃裂纹扩展及其与风速之间的关系。结果表明在玻璃两侧分别受到热辐射和风荷载共同作用时,风荷载的增加会加速玻璃的破裂。研究结果可为玻璃幕墙的工程应用提供技术支撑。     

长江口及其邻近海域沉积物磷的赋存形态和空间分布

采用SMT磷分级法研究长江口及其邻近海域沉积物中磷的赋存形态及分布特征,并探讨了其影响因子.研究结果表明,沉积物中总磷(TP)含量为476.91~980.04μg·g~(-1),有机磷(OP)含量为15.84~139.21μg·g~(-1);而无机磷(IP)为主要赋存形态,其含量为421.67~844.86μg·g~(-1),约占TP 72.9%~96.7%.IP中以钙结合态磷(HCl-P)为主,其含量为186.88~431.69μg·g~(-1),占IP的42.3%~57.79%;而铁/锰结合态磷(Na OH-P)的含量最少,其含量为4.17~52.76μg·g~(-1),仅占IP的2.0%~3.3%.空间分布上,不同形态磷含量具有明显的时空变化特征.夏季TP和IP的含量由咸水端到淡水端呈现出先降低后升高,冬季则先升高后降低的趋势.OP的含量在夏季时无明显分布规律,而在冬季时表现出由咸水端到淡水端降低的趋势.Na OH-P含量在冬夏季均表现为淡水端处较高;HCl-P含量在夏季无明显的变化规律,而冬季时近淡水端处较高.沉积物粒径大小影响磷的赋存形态,表现为夏季粘粒对OP影响较大;冬季粘粒和粉粒与IP存在着负相关性,与OP存在着显著的正相关性.此外,沉积物总有机碳、盐度和碱性磷酸酶活性也是影响磷赋存形态的主要因子.     

Lateral velocity distribution in open channels with partially flexible submerged vegetation

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - This study implemented three analytical models to investigate the lateral distribution of depth-averaged streamwise velocity in a rectangular channel with lateral,...     

Possible particulate nitrite formation and its atmospheric implications inferred from the observations in Seoul,Korea

Simultaneous measurements of gaseous species and fine-mode, particulate inorganic components were performed at the University of Seoul, Seoul in Korea. In the simultaneous measurements, a certain level of nitrous acid (HONO) was observed in the gas-phase, indicating possible heterogeneous HONO production on the surface of the ambient aerosols. On the other hand, high particulate nitrite (NO^2?) concentrations of 1.41(±2.26) μg/m³ were also measured, which sometimes reached 18.54 μg/m³. In contrast, low HONO-to-NO₂ ratios of 0.007(±0.006) were observed in Seoul. This indicates that a significant fraction of HONO is dissolved in atmospheric aerosols. Around the Seoul site, sufficient alkalinity may have been provided to the atmospheric aerosols from the excessive presence of NH₃ in the gas-phase. Due to the alkaline particulate conditions (defined in this study as a particle pH >～3.29), the HONO molecules produced at the surface of the atmospheric aerosols appeared to have been converted into particulate nitrite, thereby preventing their further participation in the atmospheric O₃/NO_y/HO_x photochemical cycles. It was estimated that a minimum average of 65% of HONO was captured by alkaline, anthropogenic, urban particles in the Seoul measurements.     

Remote sensing imageries for land cover and water quality dynamics on the west coast of Korea

As human activities influence land cover changes, the environment on human life such as water quality, has been impacted. In particular, huge constructions or reclamation projects are responsible for dramatic land cover changes. The Saemangeum area in South Korea has been one of the largest reclamation projects to progress nearly in two decades. In this study, Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus images were used to classify land cover types in the Saemangeum area. A change detection method was utilized to determine the impacts of the reclamation project. While wetland, grassland, and urban areas were increased, forest, water, and agricultural areas were decreased during the reclamation progress. Water quality analysis related to the land cover changes was conducted to determine the influence of reclamation construction on the environment. Chemical oxygen demand and suspended sediment variability were significantly impacted by the sea current changes after the dyke construction. On the contrary, water temperature and dissolved oxygen were affected by the seasonal influences rather than the reclamation construction. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus were influenced by the fertilizers and pesticides as a result of agricultural activity. The trends of suspended sediment from Landsat images were similar with those from the ground observation sites and also impacted by the dyke construction.     

Bioaccumulation,subcellular, and molecular localization and damage to physiology and ultrastructure in Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze exposed to yttrium

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute toxicity of yttrium (Y) were evaluated in Nymphoides peltata. The effects of Y concentrations of 1–5 mg L^?1 applied for 4 days were assessed by measuring changes in photosynthetic pigments, nutrient contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Y in subcellular fractions decreased in the order of cell wall > organelle > soluble fraction. Much more Y was located in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The content of some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mo) increased in N. peltata, but there was an opposite effect for P and K. Meanwhile, ascorbate, and catalase activity decreased significantly for all Y concentrations. In contrast, peroxidase activity was induced, while initial rises in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were followed by subsequent declines. Morphological symptoms of senescence, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were observed even at the lowest Y concentration. Pigment content decreased as the Y concentration rose and the calculated EC₅₀ and MPC of Y for N. peltata were 2 and 0.2 mg L^?1 after 4 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that exogenous Y was highly available in water and that its high concentration in water bodies might produce harmful effects on aquatic organisms. N. peltata is proposed as a biomonitor for the assessment of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.     

On-site rainwater harvesting and treatment for drinking water supply: assessment of cost and technical issues

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study assessed the performance of rainwater-harvesting systems installed for selected public utilities in the northern provinces of Vietnam where...     

Potential effects of soil chemical and biological properties on wood volume in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid plantations and their responses to different intensity applications of inorganic fertilizer

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Long-term and high-intensity application of inorganic fertilizer leads to a strong variation of soil characteristics. The changes in soil chemical and...