Highly efficient Hg2+ removal via a competitive strategy using a Co-based metal organic framework ZIF-67

The stronger coordination ability of mercury ions with organic ligands than the metal ions in metal organic framework (MOFs) provides an accessible way to separate mercury ions from solution using specific MOFs. In this study, a Co-based MOF (ZIF-67, Co(mIM)₂) was synthesized. It did not introduce specific functional groups, such as -SH and -NH₂, into its structure through complicated steps. It separate Hg²⁺ from wastewater with a new strategy, which utilized the stronger coordination ability of Hg²⁺ with the nitrogen atom on the imidazole ring of the organic ligand than the Co²⁺ ions. Hg²⁺ replaced Co²⁺ nodes from ZIF-67 and formed a more stable precipitate with mIM. The experimental results showed that this new strategy was efficient. ZIF-67 exhibited Hg²⁺ adsorption capacity of 1740 mg/g, much higher than the known MOFs sorbents. mIMs is the reaction center and ZIF-67 can improve its utilization. The sample color faded from purple to white due to the loss of cobalt ion. It is a great feature of ZIF-67 that allows users to judge whether the sorbent is deactivated intuitively. ZIF-67 can be sustainable recycled by adding organic ligands to the solution after treatment due to its simple synthesis method at room temperature. It's a high-efficient and sustainable sorbent for Hg²⁺ separation from wastewater.     

Effects of cobalt doping on the reactivity of hausmannite for As(III) oxidation and As(V) adsorption

Hausmannite is a common low valence Mn oxide mineral, with a distorted spinel structure, in surficial sediments. Although natural Mn oxides often contain various impurities of transitional metals (TMs), few studies have addressed the effect and related mechanism of TM doping on the reactivity of hausmannite with metal pollutants. Here, the reactivity of cobalt (Co) doped hausmannite with aqueous As(III) and As(V) was studied. Co doping decreased the point of zero charge of hausmannite and its adsorption capacity for As(V). Despite a reduction of the initial As(III) oxidation rate, Co-doped hausmannite could effectively oxidize As(III) to As(V), followed by the adsorption and fixation of a large amount of As(V) on the mineral surface. Arsenic K-edge EXAFS analysis of the samples after As(V) adsorption and As(III) oxidation revealed that only As(V) was adsorbed on the mineral surface, with an average As-Mn distance of 3.25–3.30 Å, indicating the formation of bidentate binuclear complexes. These results provide new insights into the interaction mechanism between TMs and low valence Mn oxides and their effect on the geochemical behaviors of metal pollutants.     

昆明多风季节大气PM_(2.5)污染特征及来源分析

研究了昆明春季多风时大气PM2.5化学成分组成特征,并对PM2.5的来源进行了解析。结果表明:昆明春季常规污染物呈现白天低、夜间高的规律,这种现象与气象条件显著相关;昆明市PM2.5上无机元素的含量在0.001~20.849μg/m3之间,35种元素总和浓度为38.464μg/m3,占PM2.5质量浓度的16.02%,Si、Na、Al、Fe、Ti、K是主要元素,基本上呈现金鼎山东风东路西山森林公园的分布模式;PM2.5上9种离子总和浓度为16.47μg/m3,占PM2.5质量浓度的6.89%,SO42-是主要离子,占总离子的59.02%,后向轨迹模型表明西山森林公园受到安宁、玉溪等工业城市的远距离传输影响;主成分分析结果发现,西山森林公园PM2.5主要来源于机动车尾气排放、土壤扬尘、燃煤源、二次污染源,金鼎山主要来源于冶金制造业、二次污染源,东风东路主要来源于交通源排放、土壤尘、二次污染源。     

基于物联网的特种设备安全管理平台研发

根据特种设备安全管理需求,提出并研发基于物联网技术的特种设备公共信息服务平台,包括平台架构、体系和功能设计方案,实现平台功能的RFID技术、数据库技术、整体技术架构、安全架构等技术实现方案等。通过共享整合特种设备各个环节的信息,为特种设备生产单位、使用单位、检验机构、安全监管部门等提供具有安全权限的信息服务,有利于实现特种设备物联管理,保障特种设备安全。     

宁波市某人工泻湖浮游生物变化特征及影响因素分析

以宁波市北仑区梅山水道形成的人工泻湖为研究对象,在不同季节进行水质及浮游生物调查,分析其浮游生物时空分布特征与水质的关系。4个采样点共检出浮游植物66种,以硅藻为绝对优势种,检出浮游动物25种,主要为桡足类、少量轮虫及网纹虫;拦坝后水道内浮游生物密度有了数量级增长,各项生物评价指数降低,但各采样点仍处于中污染水平。监测理化参数表明,研究水域在拦坝后盐度下降、悬浮物浓度下降,氮磷含量无明显变化;水域大部分点位处于中度富营养化水平。结合浮游生物分布与理化参数进行分析,发现堤坝合龙后,水道内侧海水淡化、悬浮物含量下降,导致浮游生物密度上升、生物多样性下降、出现淡水优势种群;营养盐含量不是浮游生物生长的限制因子,对浮游生物分布无显著影响。     

生物质转化能源技术的发展现状及趋势探讨

能源短缺问题已成为制约经济社会发展的瓶颈,研究开发新的能源代替传统不可再生能源成为急需要解决的焦点问题。生物质能是由植物的光合作用固定于地球上的太阳能,通过生物质能转换技术可以高效地利用生物质能源,生产各种清洁燃料,替代煤炭、石油和天然气等燃料。对近些年生物质能源技术的发展现状进行了简要讨论,指出了生物质能的利用具有广阔的发展前景,在不久的将来,生物质能源必将成为能源结构中重要一部分,实现能源结构良好可持续发展。     

西藏齿突蟾(Scutiger boulengeri)蝌蚪冷适应行为研究

通过实验室蝌蚪微空间温度行为变化频次统计分析,发现10℃时的所有西藏齿突蟾(Scutiger boulengeri)蝌蚪、15℃时除低海拔种群外的所有西藏齿突蟾蝌蚪的聚集分布均符合负二项分布,也符合NeymanⅡ型分布,在5℃、0℃时,不同分组的西藏齿突蟾蝌蚪行为分布有差异.西藏齿突蟾蝌蚪在低温5℃、0℃时的行为分布方式改变可能是对低温冻害的一种适应性反应,由环境温度改变导致蝌蚪行为分布方式的改变可能是高海拔两栖类蝌蚪对分布区域水温改变规律长期形成的一种适应对策.图1表2参12     

Phylogenetic diversity and specificity of bacteria associated with Microcystis aeruginosa and other cyanobacteria

Interactions between bacteria and cyanobacteria have been suggested to have a potential to influence harmful algal bloom dynamics; however, little information on these interactions has been reported. In this study, the bacterial communities associated with five strains of Microcystis aeruginosa, three species of other Microcystis spp., and four representative species of non-Microcystis cyanobacteria were compared. Bacterial 16S rDNA fragments were amplified and separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) followed by DNA sequence analysis. The similarities among bacterial communities associated with these cyanobacteria were compared to the digitized DGGE profiles using the cluster analyses. The bacterial community structure of all cyanobacterial cultures di ered. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity values among M. aeruginosa cultures were higher than those of other cyanobacterial cultures. Sequence analysis of DGGE fragments indicated the presence of bacteria including, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the cyanobacterial cultures. Members of the Sphingomonadales were the prevalent group among the Microcystis-associated bacteria. The results provided further evidence for species-specific associations between cyanoabcteria and heterotrophic bacteria, which are useful for understanding interactions between Microcystis and their associated bacteria.     

Study on ZnS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition

We reported the deposition and structural characterization of zinc sulfide (ZnS) thin films by chemical bath deposition (CBD) from a bath containing thiourea, ZnSO₄ and ammonia in aqueous solution on common glass substrates. The solution concentration and annealing condition played a very important role on transmissivity, homogeneity, crystal and transmissivity of ZnS thin films. Spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), digital four-point probe resistance measurement were used to characterize their properties and composition. As a result, transmissivity for the samples were more than 80%. Then it would be stable above 600 nm. The surface morphology of the thin films were homogeneous. However, there were some white spots in the SEM patterns that might be colloidal particles sedimentation mixed with ZnS. These particles could be amorphous or no crystal. According to the detection, ZnS films' resistance were changed with the ZnSO₄ solutions' concentration.     

基于MODIS模拟的辽东湾叶绿素a的遥感反演模型

叶绿素a浓度对于水质和富营养化评价、赤潮探测及海洋生产力研究有重要意义.利用卫星遥感反演获取叶绿素a浓度弥补了传统采样方法的数据离散化、耗时长且费用高的缺陷,可以实时和全面地观测大尺度海洋叶绿索a分布.通过实测光谱模拟卫星波段,可以在一定程度上削除大气干扰,有助于准确地确定特征波段和建立遥感反演模型.本文以辽东湾为研究区,利用现场实测光谱模拟了MODIS波段,并在光谱特征分析基础上进行叶绿素a的特征波段选择,通过比较单波段和波段比值法等算法,建立了2个具有区域特色的叶绿素a遥感反演模型,并进行了模型验证.结果表明:在辽东湾海域,运用红光附近特征波段667和678 nm来反映叶绿素特征比传统蓝绿光波段(440和550nm)似乎更能削弱其它水体组分的干扰,突出辽东湾水体的特点.利用667、678和551nm的三波段模型要比单纯考虑667和678nm波段比值的模型要好一些,该模型r为0.856,标准差为0.190.模型验证预测值和实测值的相关系数为0.93(p<0.01),表明了模型良好的预测能力.模型具有明显的区域特色,结果是否具有普适性,还需进一步验证.