Can haze warning policy reduce traffic accidents: evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Haze pollution may decrease drivers’ driving performance by worsening their physical and psychological states. This paper explores the effects...     

Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review

Plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) have been an important environmental problem because these plastics commonly contain toxic halogenated flame retardants which may cause serious environmental pollution, especially the formation of carcinogenic substances polybrominated dibenzo dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), during treat process of these plastics. Pyrolysis has been proposed as a viable processing route for recycling the organic compounds in WEEE plastics into fuels and chemical feedstock. However, dehalogenation procedures are also necessary during treat process, because the oils collected in single pyrolysis process may contain numerous halogenated organic compounds, which would detrimentally impact the reuse of these pyrolysis oils. Currently, dehalogenation has become a significant topic in recycling of WEEE plastics by pyrolysis. In order to fulfill the better resource utilization of the WEEE plastics, the compositions, characteristics and dehalogenation methods during the pyrolysis recycling process of WEEE plastics were reviewed in this paper. Dehalogenation and the decomposition or pyrolysis of WEEE plastics can be carried out simultaneously or successively. It could be ‘dehalogenating prior to pyrolysing plastics’, ‘performing dehalogenation and pyrolysis at the same time’ or ‘pyrolysing plastics first then upgrading pyrolysis oils’. The first strategy essentially is the two-stage pyrolysis with the release of halogen hydrides at low pyrolysis temperature region which is separate from the decomposition of polymer matrixes, thus obtaining halogenated free oil products. The second strategy is the most common method. Zeolite or other type of catalyst can be used in the pyrolysis process for removing organohalogens. The third strategy separate pyrolysis and dehalogenation of WEEE plastics, which can, to some degree, avoid the problem of oil value decline due to the use of catalyst, but obviously, this strategy may increase the cost of whole recycling process.     

NO_x光解测量装置的观测应用实例

将一套基于NO2光解原理自主设计的光解室与Thermo 42i系列氮氧化物分析仪的化学发光检测室联用,应用于四川资阳乡村站的外场观测中.结果发现,在进样流量170 m L·min-1、光源温度20℃、光源功率约60 W的条件下,该套自主设计的光解室对NO2的转化效率可连续30 d稳定在80%.同时,与传统钼转化炉法进行了比对,发现两种方法得到的NO浓度测量结果趋于一致(误差5%以内,R2=0.99);而NO2的测量结果则是钼转化炉法显著偏高于光解法,偏差约为3.72 ppbv(R2=0.86).将两种方法的测量差值(ΔNO2)与O3、NOz([NOz]=[NOy]-[NOx])及NO2光解速率J(NO2)等数据进行分析,推论出ΔNO2由钼转化炉中部分NOz热转化所致,且ΔNO2在NO2低浓度段偏差的不确定性也初步归因于NOz浓度测量的不确定性.利用观测中获得的HONO、HNO3、PAN浓度代表NOz对NO2进行修正后,再次与光解法测量结果比对,结果证实钼转化炉法的高估值确由部分NOz物种导致,同时证实光解法测量结果更接近NO2的真实值.     

沿面放电氧活性物质注入协同SCR脱除烟气中NO_x

为了提高选择性催化还原(SCR)在低温区(200℃)的脱硝性能,提出利用插在烟道中的沿面放电反应器生成氧活性物质,部分氧化NO以实现低温快速SCR脱硝过程.同时,研究了氧活性物质注入实现快速SCR的脱硝性能,考察了氧活性物质注入降低二氧化硫和水蒸汽对SCR反应的影响.实验结果表明:在模拟烟气温度为150℃时,采用氧活性物质注入,部分氧化烟气中的NO以实现快速SCR反应条件下(NO/NO2浓度比为1),脱硝效率为51.9%,比标准SCR提升23%;当模拟烟气中存在SO2或H2O时,氧活性物质注入可有效降低SO2、H2O对SCR脱硝效率的影响.     

Ti-SnO_2电解快速去除熄焦循环水中COD

以Ti-SnO2电极作为阴阳极,利用电解池对焦化厂熄焦循环水COD进行去除。极板间距为1 cm,6个极片组成电解池,处理熄焦循环水。实验结果表明:废水被稀释1倍时,污染物的浓度有利于COD的去除;最佳去除条件是电解电压为11 V,p H值为6;当电解时间为0.5 h时,废水的COD由230 mg/L降低到138 mg/L,满足《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》中规定的焦化生产废水经处理后用于熄焦时对COD的要求;电解时间增加到2 h,废水的COD由230 mg/L降低到66 mg/L,去除率达到80%。     

Employees' surface acting in interactions with leaders and peers

Surface acting has been widely studied in organizational research owing to its impact on organizational behaviors and outcomes. Past research almost exclusively has focused on employees' interactions with external parties such as customers, clients, and patients. This study sought to extend this literature by examining the effects of employees' surface acting in interactions with parties internal to the organization (i.e., leaders and peers). Data were collected from 40 work groups (129 focal participants, 40 leaders, and 40 peers) from a large real estate agency company located in Beijing, China. Results showed that employees' surface acting influenced various emotional, relational, and behavioral outcomes. In addition, the present findings revealed that the consequences of employees' surface acting differed across leaders versus peers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于人体可给性的重金属污染场地健康风险评价

《国家环境与健康行动计划》(2007—2015)文件指出要提高环境与健康风险评估能力。将基于体外模拟实验的人体可给性应用于污染场地健康风险评估,能够一定程度克服以污染物总量为基准进行风险核算的保守性问题。本研究利用相对可利用度修正毒性参数(经口参考剂量、经口致癌斜率),并对其合理性进行了分析,同时推导了筛选值和致癌风险值/危害商的计算公式。建议:(1)建立符合不同土壤类型的人体可给性方法;(2)建立基于关键影响因子的人体可给性预测模型和基于人体可给性的相对可利用度预测模型;(3)优化健康风险评价计算模型。旨在权衡"污染场地再利用"经济效益和人体健康的关系,完善重金属污染场的健康风险评价体系。