铅镉胁迫下接种根际细菌和真菌对圆叶无心菜生长和铅镉累积的影响

铅镉胁迫条件下,采用盆栽试验．研究接种云南会泽铅锌矿区Cd超累积植物-圆叶无心菜的根际细菌和真菌,对圆叶无心菜的生长和铅镉累积的影响,结果表明：2株根际真菌（YQ2F-5和YG2F-6）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜地上部分的生长,1株根际真菌（YQ2F-5）显著增加盆栽圆叶无心菜的生物量。根际细菌对盆栽圆叶无心莱的生长和生物量没有影响。接种根际细菌和真菌对盆栽圆叶无心菜Pb和Cd的吸收累积没有影响。     

牡丹江流域农业面源污染特征及防治对策研究

牡丹江流域农业面源污染的贡献值大于点源污染。农业面源污染的主要来源中,农田化肥的污染贡献最大,其次是畜禽粪便、生活污水、生活垃圾。区域污染贡献比例中,COD贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、牡丹江市、林口县、海林市。NH3-N、TN、TP贡献值按大小顺序依次为宁安市、林口县、海林市、牡丹江市。结合牡丹江流域农业面源污染的构成特点和现存问题,提出切实可行的农业面源污染防治对策。     

用粉末活性炭作前助凝剂提高PAC除藻效果的研究

采用烧杯搅拌实验研究了用粉末活性炭作前助凝剂提高聚合氯化铝(PAC)去除铜绿微囊藻的有效性。结果表明,单独使用粉末活性炭作前助凝剂的除藻效果并不好,而先投加20 mg/L高岭土,再将15 mg/L PAC与粉末活性炭同时投加,除浊除藻效果明显提高。考虑首先充分发挥粉末活性炭对有机物的去除能力,在除浊除藻率仍然较高的情况下,采用粉末活性炭先于高岭土2 min投加的方式,粉末活性炭的最佳助凝剂量为10mg/L。采用粉末活性炭、高岭土和FeCl3依次投加的完整助凝技术路线,除浊除藻效率最高。碱性水体比酸性水体有利于联用三种助凝剂除藻。扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,采用助凝技术,藻细胞主要与高岭土无机颗粒发生凝聚,投加粉末活性炭有助于絮凝体体积增长,而在絮凝阶段投加FeCl3可使絮凝体的分维数达到1.947的最高值。联用粉末活性炭、高岭土和FeCl3是非常有效的助凝除藻新技术。     

五元联系数在垃圾填埋场地下水评价中的应用

环境系统是各项指标相互作用的复杂系统,因此,综合环境质量评估应考虑到各指标间的内在联系,以获取更加符合实际情况的评估结果。集对分析(SPA)考虑了环境作为一个系统的确定性和不确定性,研究系统的内在联系。本文应用集对分析法的引申方法——五元联系数法对垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量进行分级、排序,结果证明该法在地下水环境评价中具有一定的应用潜力。     

多水源化工园区综合废水的水体特征研究

为充分了解天津市滨海新区化工园区综合废水的水体特征,通过科学选取新区内某化工园区综合废水中的水质监测指标,借助GCMS和毒性分析技术,得以全面系统地分析出具有类似产业布局的多废水来源的化工园区废水水质特征,为完善同类型废水可生化性指标评价体系提供了参考,且便于后续废水处理工艺的达标化设计。     

区域水环境治理成本核算及分析

采用单位成本分析模型对2000-2007年西安市的水环境治理成本进行了核算.并对核算结果从水环境治理成本的总量与结构两方面进行了分析.结果表明:在这Ba中.西安市对水环境治理投资的力度不断增大,但分布并不均衡:水环境治理的资金缺口整体上呈下降趋势.并经历了从增大到减小直至基本稳定这一过程;在某一时间点的水环境治理集中投资有其较长时间的环境效应:在这一期间.西安市对工业废水和生活污水的治理投资力度总体上都在增大;2006年实际治理成本占当年所需治理成本比例突然减小(虚拟治理成本占当年所需治理成本比例突然增大)的主要原因均为该年工业废水未达标量增加过多;2004,2005年实际治理成本占当年所需治理成本比例突然减小(虚拟治理成本占当年所需治理成本比例突然增大)的主要原因均为生活污水处理量降低过多.     

Chlorobenzenes and organochlorinated pesticides in vegetable soils from an industrial site, China

Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene (MCB) were detected in soils. The total concentrations of ∑CBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs), while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than ∑DCB, ∑TCB and ∑TeCB. Concentrations of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were αup-HCH and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.     

Recovery of phosphorus as struvite from sewage sludge ash

Phosphorus (P) is an element vital for all living organisms, yet the world's reserves of phosphate rock are becoming depleted. This study investigated an effective P recovery method from sludge ash via struvite precipitation. Results showed that more than 95% of the total P content was extracted from sludge ash by applying 0.5 mol/L HCl at a liquid/solid ratio of 50 mL/g. Although heavy metal leaching also occurred during P extraction, cation exchange resin efficiently removed the heavy metals from the P-rich solution. Orthogonal tests showed that the optimal parameters for P precipitation as struvite would be a Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.6:1.6:1 at pH 10.0. X-ray diffraction analysis validated the formation of struvite. Further investigations revealed that the harvested precipitate had a high struvite content (97%), high P bioavailability (94%), and low heavy metal content, which could be considered a high quality fertilizer.     

芦苇湿地系统对鸭粪废水中COD的模拟去除及纳污量核算

通过原状芦苇土柱灌溉鸭粪废水的室内模拟试验,探讨了芦苇湿地系统对鸭粪废水中COD的净化规律,并估算了芦苇湿地系统对COD的最大纳污量.结果表明,不同浓度的养鸭废水对芦苇的生物量影响不同,低、中、高浓度处理下芦苇生物量分别较对照增长36.1%、24.4%、24.3%;不同时期湿地系统对COD的净化效果不同,生长期要明显好于抽穗期和开花期;同一时期不同浓度处理条件下芦苇湿地系统对COD的净化效果亦存在明显差异,高浓度处理下湿地系统对废水中COD的去除率明显高于低浓度和中浓度处理.芦苇湿地系统对鸭粪废水中COD的净化可以用指数方程表示,而且在相同进水浓度下,降解常数(k)与温度成线性关系.高浓度处理条件下,估算出白洋淀芦苇湿地系统对COD的最大纳污量约为26629t·a-1.     

生物处理含硫酸盐废水生成单质硫的研究进展

介绍了目前国内外生物处理含硫酸盐废水生成单质硫常用微生物,包括光合细菌、无色硫细菌和脱氮硫杆菌,对其脱硫原理及发展前景进行了分析;同时综述了两相厌氧吹脱与沼气脱硫联合工艺、两相厌氧与硫化物氧化联合工艺、同步脱硫脱氮工艺处理硫酸盐生成单质硫的原理及研究现状,并分析了各自的优缺点。